LC-MS investigation of neurotransmitter modulation in Alzheimer’s disease: Protective role of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100383

Mamatha Gavisiddaiah , Somashekar M. Metri , Santhepete Nanjundaiah Manjula , Kenganora Mruthunjaya , Shankar Thapa

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Abstract

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by significant alterations in neurotransmitter levels, leading to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. This study investigates the potential protective role of Nigella sativa ethanolic extract in modulating neurotransmitters in an AD-induced animal model.

Methods

The phytochemical profiling of N. sativa extract was conducted through GC-MS/LC-MS analysis. LC-MS analysis of brain homogenates revealed that neurotransmitter levels, including acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT), L-glutamic acid, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were significantly reduced in the disease control (DC) group compared to the normal (N) group.

Results

We identified main phytoconstituents of N. sativa extract. Major components identified included thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymol, carvacrol, and α-hederin. Treatment with N. sativa extract demonstrated a dose-dependent restoration of neurotransmitter levels, with the high-dose group (NS2, 400 mg/kg) showing a more substantial effect than the low-dose group (NS1, 200 mg/kg). PCA analysis confirmed distinct clustering of groups, indicating metabolic alterations due to AD and restoration upon treatment. Statistical analysis confirmed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in neurotransmitter levels in treatment groups.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that N. sativa may offer neuroprotective benefits in AD by modulating neurotransmitter homeostasis.

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LC-MS研究神经递质在阿尔茨海默病中的调节作用：黑草乙醇提取物的保护作用

阿尔茨海默病（AD）的特点是神经递质水平显著改变，导致认知能力下降和神经变性。本研究在ad诱导的动物模型中，探讨黑草乙醇提取物在调节神经递质的潜在保护作用。方法采用气相色谱-质谱联用/液相色谱-质谱联用技术对芥蓝提取物进行植物化学分析。脑匀浆LC-MS分析显示，与正常(N)组相比，疾病控制（DC）组的神经递质水平，包括乙酰胆碱（ACh）、血清素（5-HT）、l -谷氨酸和γ -氨基丁酸（GABA）显著降低。结果鉴定了芥蓝提取物的主要植物成分。主要成分为百里香醌、二百里香醌、百里香酚、香芹酚和α-hederin。用芥蓝提取物治疗显示出神经递质水平的剂量依赖性恢复，高剂量组（NS2 400 mg/kg）比低剂量组（NS1 200 mg/kg）表现出更显著的效果。PCA分析证实了不同组的聚类，表明AD引起的代谢改变和治疗后的恢复。统计学分析证实，治疗组神经递质水平显著改善（p <； 0.05）。结论芥蓝可能通过调节神经递质稳态对阿尔茨海默病有神经保护作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

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