Association between muscle quality index and depression in adults: A cross-sectional study

Q3 Nursing

Clinical Nutrition Open Science Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.nutos.2025.09.004

Yuanyuan He, Shenshen shi, Zhen liang, Juan Wang

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Abstract

Background & Aims

The muscle quality index (MQI) score is a new indicator of muscle quality and is closely related to physical health. This study aimed to investigate the association between the MQI score and depression in young and middle-aged people.

Methods

Complete MQI and depression data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2011-2014 for 5199 subjects aged 20–60 years. An assessment of depression was conducted using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and handgrip strength (HGS) were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a dynamometer, respectively. MQItotal, MQIapp and MQIarm were calculated by HGS sum/ASM (kg/kg), dominant HGS/ASM (kg/kg), and dominant HGS/dominant arm ASM (kg/kg), respectively. Multivariate regression analyses, subgroup analyses, trend tests, interaction tests, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect and saturation effect analyses were performed.

Results

The mean age of the included population was 38.76 ± 11.57 years, of which 48.5 1% were female. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that the MQI score was negatively correlated with depression. Subgroup analyses revealed that this association was present in females but not in males. After all included confounders were adjusted, the risk of depression in women decreased by 32 %, 35 %, and 6 %, as MQItotal (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.84), MQIapp (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47–0.91) and MQIarm (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90–0.99) increased per unit, respectively. Women in MQItotal, MQIapp, and MQIarm quartile 4 had a significantly lower incidence of depression than did those in quartile 1. In addition, smoothing curve fitting revealed that MQItotal, MQIapp, and MQIarm were not linearly correlated with the risk of depression in women but rather had a J-shaped relationship, with inflection points of 2.24, 1.01 and 8.35, respectively.

Conclusions

According to the results of this study, MQI scores negatively correlate with depression in women, but not in men, demonstrating a J-shaped relationship.

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成人肌肉质量指数与抑郁症之间的关系：一项横断面研究

背景目的肌肉质量指数（muscle quality index， MQI）评分是一种新的肌肉质量指标，与身体健康密切相关。本研究旨在探讨中青年MQI评分与抑郁的关系。方法从2011-2014年全国健康与营养调查（NHANES）数据库中获取5199名年龄在20-60岁的受试者的完整MQI和抑郁数据。使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）对抑郁症进行评估。分别用双能x线吸收仪（DXA）和测力仪测量各组阑尾骨骼肌质量（ASM）和握力（HGS）。mqtotal、MQIapp和MQIarm分别采用HGS sum/ASM （kg/kg）、优势HGS/ASM （kg/kg）和优势HGS/优势臂ASM （kg/kg）计算。进行多元回归分析、亚组分析、趋势检验、相互作用检验、平滑曲线拟合、阈值效应和饱和效应分析。结果入选人群平均年龄为38.76±11.57岁，其中女性占48.5%。多因素回归分析显示，MQI评分与抑郁呈负相关。亚组分析显示，这种关联在女性中存在，而在男性中不存在。在调整了所有纳入的混杂因素后，女性患抑郁症的风险分别降低了32%、35%和6%，每单位mqtotal （OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54-0.84）、MQIapp （OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47-0.91）和MQIarm （OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.99）分别增加。mqittotal、MQIapp和MQIarm四分位数4的女性抑郁发生率明显低于四分位数1的女性。此外，平滑曲线拟合显示，mqittotal、MQIapp和MQIarm与女性抑郁风险不呈线性相关，而是呈j型关系，拐点分别为2.24、1.01和8.35。结论：根据本研究的结果，MQI得分与女性抑郁呈负相关，而与男性无负相关，呈j型关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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