{"title":"Beyond sorrow and terror management Theories: A dual-emotion model of death reflection after mortality salience across cultures and time","authors":"Chao S. Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101211","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Confronting mortality fundamentally shapes long-term mental health and overall well-being. However, existing research has largely overlooked how the effects of mortality salience (MS)—the awareness of one's own inevitable death— vary with different cultural values and prolonged death reflection. This paper introduces a novel dual-emotion model, grounded in Terror Management Theory (TMT) and Sorrow Management Theory (SMT), that explicitly incorporates both cultural and temporal dimensions. The model posits that MS triggers two primary emotional responses: an immediate fear of self-annihilation and a sustained sadness over relational loss—with the latter being particularly pronounced in collectivist cultures. While fear fuels initial defensiveness, prolonged contemplation of mortality gives rise to sadness, which in turn fosters meaning-making and strengthens relational bonds. By integrating cross-cultural and temporal dynamics, this framework refines our understanding of MS in existential psychology and challenges universalist assumptions in death anxiety research. Moreover, the paper advocates employing computational modeling to unravel the dynamic interplay among multiple factors—including personal values, self-esteem, and intimate relationships—across diverse cultural contexts, ultimately paving the way for personalized interventions in death education, suicide prevention, end-of-life care, and grief therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51556,"journal":{"name":"New Ideas in Psychology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"New Ideas in Psychology","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732118X25000674","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Confronting mortality fundamentally shapes long-term mental health and overall well-being. However, existing research has largely overlooked how the effects of mortality salience (MS)—the awareness of one's own inevitable death— vary with different cultural values and prolonged death reflection. This paper introduces a novel dual-emotion model, grounded in Terror Management Theory (TMT) and Sorrow Management Theory (SMT), that explicitly incorporates both cultural and temporal dimensions. The model posits that MS triggers two primary emotional responses: an immediate fear of self-annihilation and a sustained sadness over relational loss—with the latter being particularly pronounced in collectivist cultures. While fear fuels initial defensiveness, prolonged contemplation of mortality gives rise to sadness, which in turn fosters meaning-making and strengthens relational bonds. By integrating cross-cultural and temporal dynamics, this framework refines our understanding of MS in existential psychology and challenges universalist assumptions in death anxiety research. Moreover, the paper advocates employing computational modeling to unravel the dynamic interplay among multiple factors—including personal values, self-esteem, and intimate relationships—across diverse cultural contexts, ultimately paving the way for personalized interventions in death education, suicide prevention, end-of-life care, and grief therapy.
期刊介绍:
New Ideas in Psychology is a journal for theoretical psychology in its broadest sense. We are looking for new and seminal ideas, from within Psychology and from other fields that have something to bring to Psychology. We welcome presentations and criticisms of theory, of background metaphysics, and of fundamental issues of method, both empirical and conceptual. We put special emphasis on the need for informed discussion of psychological theories to be interdisciplinary. Empirical papers are accepted at New Ideas in Psychology, but only as long as they focus on conceptual issues and are theoretically creative. We are also open to comments or debate, interviews, and book reviews.