Prevalence of high waist to hip ratio and its association with hypertension among married couples in India: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

The study aims to explore the prevalence of high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and examine its association with hypertension and various socio-demographic factors among Indian couples with a focus on health implications. Data were extracted from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) - a comprehensive population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted from 2019 to 2021. A total sample of 51,797 couples was analysed using bivariate and multivariable techniques to address the study objectives. The prevalence of high WHR among Indian couples was 36.3%. After adjusting for significant background factors, both female and male spouses had higher odds of hypertension when one spouse had a high WHR (female: OR = 1.19, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.13–1.25; male: OR = 1.30, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.22–1.38), compared to those with normal WHR. The risk increased when both spouses had high WHR, with odds of 1.44 in female spouses (OR = 1.44, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.37–1.52) and 1.56 in male spouses (OR = 1.56, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.47–1.66). The study highlights the significant health implications of high WHR in Indian couples. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring WHR as an anthropometric measure for assessing hypertension risk and managing related health conditions in both clinical and public health settings.