Predicting battery degradation for electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft: A comprehensive review of methods, challenges, and future trends
Baoji Wang , Teng Xu , Bailin Zheng , Yue Kai , Kai Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
With the rapid development of intelligent technologies in aviation, electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have emerged as key players in the low-altitude economy, their battery performance directly impacts safety and cost, making accurate prediction essential. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on battery degradation prediction methods for eVTOL aircraft, providing a brief overview on early modeling approaches and placing primary emphasis on recent advances in their applicability and limitations under unique operational scenarios of eVTOL, such as frequent takeoffs and landings, high power loads, and complex environmental conditions. Current prediction efforts primarily target key indicators including battery lifespan, health status, and capacity retention, employing a range of technical approaches such as electrochemical modeling, equivalent circuit modeling, data-driven algorithms like machine learning and deep learning, and hybrid physics-informed models that integrate domain knowledge with data analysis. The review systematically summarizes the main prediction methods and their evolution in different phases of the development of eVTOL technology. On this basis, we highlight existing technical bottlenecks and unresolved challenges, including the high demand for data and computational resources limiting real-time performance, poor accuracy of traditional models under high discharge rates and extreme conditions, challenges in accurately modeling complex multi-physics interactions and achieving a stable balance among prediction accuracy, interpretability, and real-time computational efficiency, as well as the scarcity of historical flight data affecting model reliability and generalization. This review also proposes future research directions to enhance the reliability and accuracy of battery degradation forecasting for eVTOL applications.
期刊介绍:
eTransportation is a scholarly journal that aims to advance knowledge in the field of electric transportation. It focuses on all modes of transportation that utilize electricity as their primary source of energy, including electric vehicles, trains, ships, and aircraft. The journal covers all stages of research, development, and testing of new technologies, systems, and devices related to electrical transportation.
The journal welcomes the use of simulation and analysis tools at the system, transport, or device level. Its primary emphasis is on the study of the electrical and electronic aspects of transportation systems. However, it also considers research on mechanical parts or subsystems of vehicles if there is a clear interaction with electrical or electronic equipment.
Please note that this journal excludes other aspects such as sociological, political, regulatory, or environmental factors from its scope.