Full-scale mainstream partial nitritation/anammox process: A three-year demonstration for municipal wastewater treatment

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100419

Shujun Zhang , Quan Li , Pengchao Gu , Xintao Lv , Xiaoyu Han , Kun Li , Zhibin Wang , Zhiming Qu , Jialin Li , Cong Wang , Yu Bai , Rongbing Zhang , Ye Li , Liang Zhang , Yongzhen Peng

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Abstract

Mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) is recognized as a promising method for sustainable nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, its practical implementation remains challenging to date. In this study, a full-scale mainstream partial-nitritation activated sludge system, coupled with an anammox fixed-film (PN-AF) process, has been developed to treat municipal wastewater. The process was initiated by inoculating fixed biofilm with a mature anammox consortium sourced from a side-stream PN/A. The integrated application of chemical inhibition and ecological niche selection was practically implemented in engineering for the first time, enabling the PN-AF process to achieve two years of continuous operation within a wide temperature range (11.6–28.9 °C). The average total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 91.8 ± 4.6 %, with an average effluent TN concentration of 4.5 ± 2.3 mg/L and a nitrogen removal rate of 0.072 ± 0.01 kg N·m⁻³·d⁻¹. Molecular analysis revealed a remarkably high relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia (17.87 %), accompanied by an eight times higher activity of anammox than that of denitrification. Overall, this work presents a reliable mainstream partial nitritation/anammox process for sustainable wastewater treatment.

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大规模主流部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化工艺：三年城市污水处理示范

主流部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化（PN/A）是一种很有前途的污水可持续脱氮方法。然而，它的实际执行至今仍然具有挑战性。在本研究中，开发了一种大规模主流部分硝化活性污泥系统，结合厌氧氨氧化固定膜（PN-AF）工艺处理城市污水。该工艺是通过用来自侧流PN/ a的成熟厌氧氨氧化联合体接种固定生物膜启动的。首次在工程上实际实现了化学抑制和生态位选择的综合应用，使PN-AF工艺在11.6 ~ 28.9℃的宽温度范围内实现了两年的连续运行。总氮（TN）平均去除率为91.8±4.6%，出水TN平均浓度为4.5±2.3 mg/L，氮去除率为0.072±0.01 kg N·m−3·d−1。分子分析表明，Brocadia菌相对丰度极高（17.87%），厌氧氨氧化活性比反硝化活性高8倍。总的来说，这项工作提出了一种可靠的主流部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化工艺，用于可持续的废水处理。

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来源期刊

Water Research X Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology

CiteScore

12.30

自引率

1.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Water Research X is a sister journal of Water Research, which follows a Gold Open Access model. It focuses on publishing concise, letter-style research papers, visionary perspectives and editorials, as well as mini-reviews on emerging topics. The Journal invites contributions from researchers worldwide on various aspects of the science and technology related to the human impact on the water cycle, water quality, and its global management.