Green-synthesized Co@VHE nanocatalyst from Verbascum insulare for enhanced hydrogen generation and biological applications

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108435

Erhan Onat , Yusuf Alan , Ahmet Savcı , Selma Ekinci , Mehmet Sait İzgi

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Abstract

In this study, a novel multifunctional material was synthesized by decorating the hydrothermal extract obtained from Verbascum insulare Boiss. & Heldr (VHE) with metallic cobalt nanoclusters (Co@VHE) via in situ reduction using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). The material was first evaluated for its biological activity, including antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. While VHE exhibited antifungal activity only against Y. lipolytica, Co@VHE demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with the highest zone of inhibition against B. subtilis (26.67 ± 1.16 mm). Co@VHE also exhibited superior antioxidant capacity, showing the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀: 4.30). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of quinic acid and protocatechuic acid in Vrb-1, along with 17 phenolic compounds in VHE. Additionally, Co@VHE's catalytic performance was evaluated for hydrogen generation through sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) hydrolysis. Under optimal conditions (7.5 % NaOH, 15 mg catalyst, 3 % NaBH₄), a successful hydrogen generation rate of 36,624 mL g⁻¹ min⁻¹ was achieved. Kinetic and reusability studies further demonstrated the material's high efficiency, moderate activation energy (55 kJ mol⁻¹), and excellent stability over six cycles. Comparative analysis revealed that Co@VHE outperformed several previously reported synthetic cobalt-based catalysts. This work not only introduces V. insulare extract as an effective and eco-friendly catalyst support for the first time, but also highlights its multifunctional potential in both biomedical and energy applications.

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绿色合成Co@VHE纳米催化剂来自Verbascum insulare，用于增强氢气生成和生物应用

本研究以水热萃取物为原料，对水热萃取物进行修饰，合成了一种新型多功能材料。& Heldr （VHE）与金属钴纳米团簇（Co@VHE）通过硼氢化钠（NaBH4）原位还原。该材料首先评估了其生物活性，包括抗菌和抗氧化性能。VHE仅对脂肪瘤Y. lipolytica表现出抗真菌活性，Co@VHE表现出广谱抗菌活性，对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制区最高（26.67±1.16 mm）。Co@VHE也表现出优异的抗氧化能力，显示出最强的DPPH自由基清除能力（IC50: 4.30）。LC-MS/MS分析证实Vrb-1中含有奎宁酸和原儿茶酸，VHE中含有17种酚类化合物。此外，还对Co@VHE通过硼氢化钠（NaBH4）水解制氢的催化性能进行了评价。在最佳条件（7.5% NaOH， 15 mg催化剂，3% NaBH4）下，成功产氢率为36,624 mL g−1 min−1。动力学和可重用性研究进一步证明了该材料的高效、中等活化能（55 kJ mol−1）和六次循环的优异稳定性。比较分析显示Co@VHE优于先前报道的几种合成钴基催化剂。本工作不仅首次介绍了紫茎叶提取物作为一种有效的环保催化剂载体，而且强调了其在生物医学和能源方面的多功能应用潜力。

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来源期刊

Biomass & Bioenergy 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

3.30%

发文量

258

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： Biomass & Bioenergy is an international journal publishing original research papers and short communications, review articles and case studies on biological resources, chemical and biological processes, and biomass products for new renewable sources of energy and materials. The scope of the journal extends to the environmental, management and economic aspects of biomass and bioenergy. Key areas covered by the journal: • Biomass: sources, energy crop production processes, genetic improvements, composition. Please note that research on these biomass subjects must be linked directly to bioenergy generation. • Biological Residues: residues/rests from agricultural production, forestry and plantations (palm, sugar etc), processing industries, and municipal sources (MSW). Papers on the use of biomass residues through innovative processes/technological novelty and/or consideration of feedstock/system sustainability (or unsustainability) are welcomed. However waste treatment processes and pollution control or mitigation which are only tangentially related to bioenergy are not in the scope of the journal, as they are more suited to publications in the environmental arena. Papers that describe conventional waste streams (ie well described in existing literature) that do not empirically address ''new'' added value from the process are not suitable for submission to the journal. • Bioenergy Processes: fermentations, thermochemical conversions, liquid and gaseous fuels, and petrochemical substitutes • Bioenergy Utilization: direct combustion, gasification, electricity production, chemical processes, and by-product remediation • Biomass and the Environment: carbon cycle, the net energy efficiency of bioenergy systems, assessment of sustainability, and biodiversity issues.