Application of biomaterials in vascularization of cardiac organoids

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113531

Jun Liu , Yaxing Feng , Peng Qu , Yunbo Luo , Jiao Shi , Cui Ma , Qi Liang , Long Zhao , Gang Li , Bo Yang , Panke Cheng

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Abstract

Cardiac organoids (COs) are platforms for disease modeling and regenerative medicine, yet inadequate vascularization still limits their function and longevity. This review examines how biomaterial properties—porosity, elasticity, surface chemistry, and bioactivity—regulate endothelial cell behavior and vascular network formation, thereby shaping progress in organoid vascularization. We survey natural, synthetic, and composite systems (e.g., collagen, fibrin, polyethylene glycol [PEG] hydrogels, and poly(ε-caprolactone) [PCL] scaffolds) used to promote vascularization. We also summarize fabrication strategies to improve perfusion, including micro/nanopatterning, scaffold design, and delivery of pro-angiogenic factors, and we outline technical routes for spatially patterned vasculature such as three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and microfluidics. Ongoing challenges include degradation mismatch and incomplete integration. Future work should emphasize stimuli-responsive and bioactive materials, as well as standardized, scalable scaffold platforms, to strengthen reproducibility and translational efficiency. These directions will help optimize the vascular microenvironment of organoids, enhance functional maturation, and broaden applications in disease modeling, drug evaluation, and regenerative repair.

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生物材料在心脏类器官血管化中的应用

心脏类器官（COs）是疾病建模和再生医学的平台，但血管化不足仍然限制了它们的功能和寿命。本文综述了生物材料的孔隙度、弹性、表面化学和生物活性如何调节内皮细胞的行为和血管网络的形成，从而影响类器官血管化的进展。我们调查了用于促进血管形成的天然、合成和复合系统（如胶原蛋白、纤维蛋白、聚乙二醇[PEG]水凝胶和聚（ε-己内酯）[PCL]支架）。我们还总结了改善灌注的制造策略，包括微/纳米图案，支架设计和促血管生成因子的输送，并概述了空间图案血管系统的技术路线，如三维（3D）生物打印和微流体。持续的挑战包括降级不匹配和不完整集成。未来的工作应强调刺激反应性和生物活性材料，以及标准化、可扩展的支架平台，以加强可重复性和转化效率。这些方向将有助于优化类器官血管微环境，促进功能成熟，并扩大在疾病建模、药物评估和再生修复方面的应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

iScience Multidisciplinary-Multidisciplinary

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

1.70%

发文量

1972

审稿时长

6 weeks

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