Characteristics of sea breeze in a complex terrain island seen by CERRA

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108451

A. Serra , M.A. Jiménez , A. Maimó-Far

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Abstract

The physical mechanisms underlying sea-breeze (SB) conditions in the Palma basin (Mallorca island, western Mediterranean Sea) are analyzed using the Copernicus European Regional Reanalysis (CERRA) model outputs from 2009–2020. In this complex terrain region, SB is strongly influenced by the upslope winds generated at the mountains that close the basin. The comparison of model results with multiple sources of observations (automatic weather stations [AWS], satellite products and radiosondes) shows its ability to reproduce the main SB characteristics.

Taking as reference the classification of SB conditions from a previous AWS-based study, a new methodology is now proposed that consists of the application of selecting filters to the CERRA data. The characteristics of the SB events show good agreement with those selected from the AWS. CERRA is able to reproduce the majority of SB patterns: the evolution from land breeze to SB, the cold and moist air advection from the sea during the steady state, the height and intensity of the SB maximum, the importance of the soil moisture and the horizontal and vertical temperature differences. CERRA has difficulties in reproducing SB events which are strongly conditioned by the topography of the basin, due to the insufficient spatial resolution to include the effect of surface heterogeneities, as is the case for upslope winds. However, this method is applicable to other complex terrain regions, and CERRA presents itself as a very useful tool for the study of the physical mechanisms that occur under SB conditions.

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CERRA观测的复杂地形岛屿海风特征

利用哥白尼欧洲区域再分析（CERRA）模式输出的2009-2020年数据，分析了帕尔马盆地（西地中海马略卡岛）海风（SB）条件的物理机制。在这个复杂的地形区域，SB受到封闭盆地的山脉产生的上坡风的强烈影响。将模式结果与多个观测源（自动气象站、卫星产品和无线电探空仪）进行比较，表明其能够再现SB的主要特征。参考先前基于aws的SB条件分类研究，本文提出了一种新的方法，该方法包括对CERRA数据应用选择滤波器。合成合成事件的特征与从AWS中选取的特征吻合较好。CERRA能够重现大部分的SB模式：从陆风到SB的演变，稳定状态下来自海洋的冷湿空气平流，SB最大值的高度和强度，土壤湿度的重要性以及水平和垂直温差。CERRA很难再现受盆地地形强烈影响的SB事件，因为空间分辨率不足，无法包括表面非均质性的影响，就像上坡风的情况一样。然而，该方法适用于其他复杂地形区域，CERRA是研究SB条件下发生的物理机制的非常有用的工具。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Atmospheric Research 地学-气象与大气科学

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

10.90%

发文量

460

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： The journal publishes scientific papers (research papers, review articles, letters and notes) dealing with the part of the atmosphere where meteorological events occur. Attention is given to all processes extending from the earth surface to the tropopause, but special emphasis continues to be devoted to the physics of clouds, mesoscale meteorology and air pollution, i.e. atmospheric aerosols; microphysical processes; cloud dynamics and thermodynamics; numerical simulation, climatology, climate change and weather modification.