Multifunctional DOPO-based polydopamine nanospheres for simultaneous flame retardancy and antibacterial enhancement in epoxy composites

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111681

Wei Liu , Xiaosui Chen , Yipei Zhang , Yuhang Huang , Shuzheng Liu , Aiqing Zhang , Shengchao Huang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

To develop multifunctional epoxy (EP) composites integrating good flame retardancy, suitable mechanical performance, and superior antibacterial properties, a nanosphere-shaped flame retardant (PDA@KH560-DOPO) was fabricated by grafting 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) onto polydopamine (PDA) nanospheres via the bridging of silane coupling agent KH560. This additive exhibited two distinct degradation stages with low maximum degradation rates (1.79 and 1.52 %/min) and high charring ability (58.6 % at 700 °C) under N₂ atmosphere. The EP composite containing 8 % PDA@KH560-DOPO achieved a limited oxygen index (LOI) of 31.8 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating, while maintaining good tensile and impact properties comparable to neat EP. The cone calorimeter test showed reductions in peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) by 48.1, 32.1, and 19.0 % respectively. This is attributed to the cooperative flame-retarding mechanisms combining staged free-radical scavenging (phenoxy and P-containing radicals), inert gas dilution, and a reinforced char barrier (18.1 wt% in cone calorimeter test). Crucially, the composite also exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with over 94 % inhibition rate against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). This work provides a practical pathway for expanding the applications of EP composites into domains that require fire-safe and hygienic standards.

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多功能dopo基聚多巴胺纳米微球在环氧复合材料中的同时阻燃和抗菌作用

为了研制阻燃性能好、力学性能好、抗菌性能好的多功能环氧复合材料，通过硅烷偶联剂KH560接枝9,10-二氢-9-氧-10-磷菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）到聚多巴胺（PDA）纳米微球上，制备了纳米球形阻燃剂（PDA@KH560-DOPO）。该添加剂在N2气氛下表现出两个不同的降解阶段，最大降解率低（1.79和1.52 %/min），炭化能力高（700℃时58.6%）。含有8% PDA@KH560-DOPO的EP复合材料实现了31.8%的限氧指数（LOI）和UL-94 V-0额定值，同时保持了与纯EP相当的良好拉伸和冲击性能。锥形量热计测试表明，峰值放热率（PHRR）、总放热率（THR）和总产烟率（TSP）分别降低了48.1%、32.1%和19.0%。这是由于协同阻燃机制结合了分阶段自由基清除（苯氧基和含p自由基），惰性气体稀释和增强的炭屏障（锥体量热计测试中为18.1 wt%）。至关重要的是，该复合材料还显示出强大的抗菌活性，对革兰氏阳性细菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）的抑制率超过94%。这项工作为将EP复合材料扩展到需要防火安全和卫生标准的领域提供了一条实用的途径。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.