The role of mobile genetic elements in adaptation of the microbiota to the dynamic human gut ecosystem

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2025.102675

Katherine Schubert, Teni Shosanya, Leonor García-Bayona

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The human intestinal microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, particularly in individuals from industrialized populations. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how mobile genetic elements (MGEs) contribute to microbial ecology and evolution in this diverse community, focusing on MGEs carrying fitness-conferring genes. Bacteroidales species can colonize individuals for decades and serve as major hubs for MGE exchange. Most MGEs are highly variable across individuals and geographies. Occasionally, conserved MGEs can spread across geography and lifestyles. Functional characterizations of MGEs reveal their roles in antibiotic resistance, interbacterial antagonism, biofilm formation, immune evasion, and nutrient acquisition, among others. Substantive progress in our understanding of MGEs in the gut microbiome offers promising avenues for therapeutic microbiome interventions. However, major challenges remain in functional prediction, host-MGE linkage, and experimental characterization.

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移动遗传因子在微生物群适应动态人类肠道生态系统中的作用

人类肠道微生物群是一个动态的生态系统，由广泛的水平基因转移形成，特别是在工业化人群的个体中。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们对移动遗传元件（MGEs）如何在这个多样化的群落中促进微生物生态和进化的理解的最新进展，重点是携带健康赋予基因的MGEs。拟杆菌属物种可以在个体中定居数十年，并成为MGE交换的主要枢纽。大多数mge在个人和地区之间都有很大的差异。偶尔，保守的mge可以跨越地理和生活方式。MGEs的功能特征揭示了它们在抗生素耐药性、细菌间拮抗、生物膜形成、免疫逃避和营养获取等方面的作用。我们对肠道微生物组中MGEs的理解取得了实质性进展，为治疗性微生物组干预提供了有希望的途径。然而，主要的挑战仍然存在于功能预测、宿主- mge连锁和实验表征方面。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current opinion in microbiology 生物-微生物学

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

114

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Opinion in Microbiology is a systematic review journal that aims to provide specialists with a unique and educational platform to keep up-to-date with the expanding volume of information published in the field of microbiology. It consists of 6 issues per year covering the following 11 sections, each of which is reviewed once a year: Host-microbe interactions: bacteria Cell regulation Environmental microbiology Host-microbe interactions: fungi/parasites/viruses Antimicrobials Microbial systems biology Growth and development: eukaryotes/prokaryotes