Effects of dietary salt and water salinity on the dynamics of major gut microbiota (Cetobacterium), antioxidant status, and immune response in Nile Tilapia

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743235

Jiezhang Li, Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn, Janethida Kiatmontri, Jirawadee Kaewda, Pimpisut Manassila, Zhengqin Luo, Jaksuma Pongsetkul, Chatsirin Nakharuthai

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nile tilapia farming in brackish water may provide an alternative for food security. This study evaluated the effects of dietary salt supplementation and water salinity on growth, antioxidant activity, immune response, and gut microbiota. After 44 days, fish in freshwater receiving 5 % NaCl (CD-5.0) showed higher total immunoglobulin, lysozyme, and ACH₅₀ than those at 2.5 % NaCl (CD-2.5) (P < 0.05); antioxidant parameters did not differ (P > 0.05). qRT-PCR analysis revealed downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (on-cc1, tnfα, and tnfβ) and upregulation of adaptive immune genes (igm and mhcII) in the CD-5.0 group (P < 0.05). At day 130, fish receiving 5 % dietary salt reared in freshwater and under gradually increasing water salinity (0 → 15 or 25 ppt) exhibited significantly higher growth compared to those fed 2.5 % dietary salt in freshwater (P < 0.05). These fish also displayed improved health status with attenuated proinflammatory (on-cc1, tnfα, tnfβ, on-cxc1, il-1β) and stress (hsp70) responses alongside enhanced adaptive immune (igm, mhcII) function. Microbiome shifts in the CD-5.0 + 25 ppt group were evident by Day 91 and more pronounced by Day 130 as indicated by the Shannon, Simpson, and PCoA indices. Notably, the core microbiota (Cetobacterium) abundance increased in this group (P < 0.05) correlating with growth improvement and health. Collectively, dietary salt supplementation—combined with gradual increases in water salinity—enhances Nile tilapia acclimation by modulating immunity, growth, and gut microbiota. These features support the feasibility of farming in brackish or high-salinity systems.

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饲料盐和水盐度对尼罗罗非鱼主要肠道微生物群（鲸杆菌）动态、抗氧化状态和免疫反应的影响

在咸淡水中养殖尼罗罗非鱼可能为粮食安全提供另一种选择。本研究评估了膳食盐补充和水盐度对生长、抗氧化活性、免疫反应和肠道微生物群的影响。44 d后，5% NaCl （CD-5.0）处理的淡水鱼的总免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶和ACH50均高于2.5% NaCl （CD-2.5）处理（P < 0.05）；抗氧化参数差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。qRT-PCR分析显示CD-5.0组促炎基因（on-cc1、tnfα和tnfβ）下调，适应性免疫基因（igm和mhcII）上调（P < 0.05）。第130天，在淡水中饲喂5%盐并逐渐提高水盐度（0→15或25 ppt）的鱼的生长速度显著高于在淡水中饲喂2.5%盐的鱼（P < 0.05）。这些鱼的健康状况也有所改善，促炎（on-cc1, tnfα, tnfβ, on-cxc1, il-1β）和应激（hsp70）反应减弱，适应性免疫（igm, mhcII）功能增强。根据Shannon， Simpson和PCoA指数，CD-5.0 + 25 ppt组的微生物组变化在第91天明显，到第130天更加明显。值得注意的是，核心微生物群（鲸杆菌）丰度在该组中增加（P < 0.05），与生长改善和健康相关。总的来说，膳食盐补充-结合逐渐增加水的盐度-通过调节免疫力，生长和肠道微生物群来增强尼罗罗非鱼的适应性。这些特点支持在微咸或高盐度系统中养殖的可行性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Aquaculture 农林科学-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

17.80%

发文量

1246

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Aquaculture is an international journal for the exploration, improvement and management of all freshwater and marine food resources. It publishes novel and innovative research of world-wide interest on farming of aquatic organisms, which includes finfish, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants for human consumption. Research on ornamentals is not a focus of the Journal. Aquaculture only publishes papers with a clear relevance to improving aquaculture practices or a potential application.