Supercapacitor dynamics in magnetic fields: Mechanisms and performance insights

Abstract

In this review, we examine how magnetic fields influence supercapacitor performance by contrasting their behavior under zero-field versus applied-field conditions. While supercapacitors driven by electrochemical processes are valued for their high-power density, rapid charge–discharge rates, and excellent cycling stability. Recent advances have highlighted the profound influence of external magnetic fields on their electrochemical behavior. Here, we compile recent studies that reveal how magnetic fields affect key metrics such as capacitance, energy density, and charge-transfer resistance. This review also provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms governing supercapacitor dynamics in magnetic environments, with a focus on magnetohydrodynamic flow, ion transport, pseudocapacitive responses, and interfacial charge dynamics. By integrating experimental findings, this article underscores the potential of magnetic-field-assisted supercapacitors to bridge performance gaps in next-generation energy storage technologies.