Electronic waste leachates: A silent toxicological threat to aquatic life – Insights into biochemical and endocrine disruption mechanism in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) sub-adults

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2025.104822

Akaninyene Joseph , Edet Asanga , Gary Hardiman , Aaron Schultz , Robert Niven , Ochuko Eriegha , Osarenaye Etinosa-Okankan , Laraib Saeed , Kabari Sam , Victor Eyo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Electronic waste (e-waste) leachates pose a growing threat to aquatic ecosystems and public health. This study aimed to evaluate the sub-lethal toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of e-waste leachate exposure in sub-adults of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Sub-adults were exposed for 28 days to environmentally relevant sub-lethal concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 2, and 3 mg/L) of e-waste leachate. The results revealed dose-dependent decreases in testosterone, 17β-estradiol, protein, thyroxine, and tri-iodothyronine, alongside increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and glucose levels compared to control and over the exposure period. Furthermore, histological examination (kidney and liver) indicates cellular damage and loss of structural integrity. Monte Carlo simulation further validated the physiological disruptions and toxic risk associated with e-waste leachate exposure. These findings highlight the stress-mediated toxicity of e-waste leachate in fish, emphasizing the urgent need for effective e-waste management to protect aquatic environments and public health.

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电子垃圾渗滤液：对水生生物的无声毒理学威胁-草鱼亚成鱼生化和内分泌干扰机制的见解。

电子废物（电子废物）渗滤液对水生生态系统和公共卫生构成越来越大的威胁。本研究旨在评估电子垃圾渗滤液暴露对亚成虫栉水母的亚致死毒性作用及其潜在机制。亚成人暴露于与环境相关的亚致死浓度（0.2、0.5、2和3mg/L）的电子垃圾渗滤液中28天。结果显示，与对照组相比，暴露期间，睾酮、17β-雌二醇、蛋白质、甲状腺素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸呈剂量依赖性降低，同时丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、胆固醇和葡萄糖水平升高。此外，组织学检查（肾脏和肝脏）显示细胞损伤和结构完整性丧失。蒙特卡罗模拟进一步验证了与电子垃圾渗滤液暴露相关的生理破坏和毒性风险。这些发现突出了电子废物渗滤液对鱼类的应激介导毒性，强调了迫切需要有效的电子废物管理，以保护水生环境和公众健康。

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来源期刊

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

4.70%

发文量

185

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology publishes the results of studies concerning toxic and pharmacological effects of (human and veterinary) drugs and of environmental contaminants in animals and man. Areas of special interest are: molecular mechanisms of toxicity, biotransformation and toxicokinetics (including toxicokinetic modelling), molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms explaining differences in sensitivity between species and individuals, the characterisation of pathophysiological models and mechanisms involved in the development of effects and the identification of biological markers that can be used to study exposure and effects in man and animals. In addition to full length papers, short communications, full-length reviews and mini-reviews, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology will publish in depth assessments of special problem areas. The latter publications may exceed the length of a full length paper three to fourfold. A basic requirement is that the assessments are made under the auspices of international groups of leading experts in the fields concerned. The information examined may either consist of data that were already published, or of new data that were obtained within the framework of collaborative research programmes. Provision is also made for the acceptance of minireviews on (classes of) compounds, toxicities or mechanisms, debating recent advances in rapidly developing fields that fall within the scope of the journal.