Human gut evolution: insights from stem cell models and single-cell genomics

IF 3.6 2区生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI:10.1016/j.gde.2025.102398

Rubén López-Sandoval , Stefano Secchia , Joep Beumer , Jarrett Gray Camp

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract evolved in response to dietary changes and pathogen exposures that varied throughout history. As a major interface between the host and environment, the GI epithelia have evolved specialized barrier and immune functions while optimizing nutrient processing and absorption. Recent technological breakthroughs in modeling human biology in vitro and comparative single-cell genomics are providing novel insights into the genetic, cellular, and ontogenic basis of human evolution. In this review, we provide a broad overview of human-specific gut changes and how GI organoids and single-cell technologies can offer a mechanistic understanding of the specific features of human GI tract physiology.

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人类肠道进化：来自干细胞模型和单细胞基因组学的见解。

在整个历史中，胃肠道随着饮食变化和病原体暴露而进化。胃肠道上皮作为宿主和环境之间的主要接口，在优化营养物质加工和吸收的同时，进化出了专门的屏障和免疫功能。最近在体外模拟人类生物学和比较单细胞基因组学方面的技术突破，为人类进化的遗传、细胞和个体基础提供了新的见解。在这篇综述中，我们提供了人类特异性肠道变化的广泛概述，以及胃肠道类器官和单细胞技术如何提供对人类胃肠道生理学特定特征的机制理解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 生物-细胞生物学

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

102

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Current Opinion in Genetics and Development aims to stimulate scientifically grounded, interdisciplinary, multi-scale debate and exchange of ideas. It contains polished, concise and timely reviews and opinions, with particular emphasis on those articles published in the past two years. In addition to describing recent trends, the authors are encouraged to give their subjective opinion of the topics discussed. In Current Opinion in Genetics and Development we help the reader by providing in a systematic manner: 1. The views of experts on current advances in their field in a clear and readable form. 2. Evaluations of the most interesting papers, annotated by experts, from the great wealth of original publications.[...] The subject of Genetics and Development is divided into six themed sections, each of which is reviewed once a year: • Cancer Genomics • Genome Architecture and Expression • Molecular and genetic basis of disease • Developmental mechanisms, patterning and evolution • Cell reprogramming, regeneration and repair • Genetics of Human Origin / Evolutionary genetics (alternate years)