Congenital Lateral Upper Lip Sinus: A Review of the Literature.

Abstract

Background: Congenital lateral upper lip sinus is an exceptionally rare developmental anomaly, with few cases reported in the literature. It is characterized by the presence of a sinus tract located on the lateral aspect of the upper lip, which may lead to intermittent discharge and cosmetic concerns. Surgical excision is the standard treatment to prevent recurrence and restore lip contour.

Methods: We report a case of a 1-year-old male infant with a congenital lateral upper lip sinus, present since birth and associated with intermittent clear discharge. Clinical evaluation and ultrasonography were performed to assess the extent of the sinus tract. Surgical excision was undertaken under general anesthesia using a fine metal probe to delineate the tract and aid in dissection. The sinus tract was removed completely, and layered closure of the wound was performed.

Results: The sinus tract measured approximately 2 cm in length and extended through the orbicularis oris muscle without involving deeper structures. Histopathologic analysis confirmed a tract lined by a stratified squamous epithelium. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no evidence of infection or recurrence at the 1-year follow-up. The aesthetic outcome was satisfactory with minimal scarring.

Conclusions: Although rare, congenital lateral upper lip sinus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lip anomalies in infants. Early surgical intervention allows for definitive treatment with excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes. This case added to the limited literature and reinforced the importance of complete excision to prevent recurrence.