[Prosthetic Heart Valves:Recent Advances and Future Perspectives].

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in prosthetic heart valves, particularly bioprosthetic valves. The main challenges for bioprosthetic valves have been structural valve deterioration (SVD) and long-term durability. This review focuses on three major innovations: anti-calcification treatments, valve-in-valve (ViV) compatible designs, and sutureless/rapid deployment valves. Modern bioprosthetic valves incorporate proprietary anti-calcification technologies that have demonstrated excellent mid-term durability in clinical trials. Valve designs increasingly consider future ViV procedures, incorporating features such as expandable bands, optimized dimensions, and enhanced radiopaque markers. Sutureless/rapid deployment valves have shown promising results with reduced operative times, particularly beneficial for minimally invasive approaches. Recent guidelines reflect these advances, with age thresholds for bioprosthetic valves decreasing. Emerging evidence suggests tissue-specific characteristics may influence valve selection. Future developments will likely focus on further enhancing durability and establishing personalized valve selection algorithms.