A pilot study investigating the impact of cigarette smoking on oral nitrate-reducing bacteria within the oral microbiome

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106127

Tomas L. Nicholas , Raul Bescos , Amazon Doble , Katie Muddiman , Paul Kellett , Abish S. Stephen , Lisa du Toit , Robert Witton , Zoë L.S. Brookes

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the impact of cigarette smoke on the activity and abundance of oral nitrate reducing bacteria (ONRB) in vivo and in vitro.

Materials and methods

An observational study comprising of eleven cigarette smokers and thirty-one non-smokers. A saliva and nitrate-rinse sample were collected from each participant to analyse salivary biomarkers and the activity and abundance of ONRB in vivo. Additionally, the effect of cigarette smoke on the nitrate-reducing activity of four Rothia species was investigated in vitro.

Results

The beta diversity of the oral microbiome was significantly different between smokers and non-smokers (P = 0.0063). Neisseria flavescens and Actinomyces oris were significantly higher in the saliva of smokers, however, Neisseria subflava, Neisseria oralis, Kingella denitrificans and Actinomyces georgiae were lower. Salivary nitrite levels were significantly lower in smokers (P = 0.034), along with a trend for decreased salivary pH (P = 0.058) and increased salivary thiocyanate (P = 0.018). In vitro exposure to cigarette smoke decreased the nitrate-reducing activity by Rothia species (P = 0.0046).

Conclusions

Smoking decreased salivary nitrite levels and had a species dependent effect on ONRB abundance in vivo and inhibitory effect on the nitrate-reducing activity of Rothia species in vitro.

Clinical significance

A ‘shift’ in the oral microbiome and inhibitory effect on nitrate reduction in smokers may contribute to an increased risk of oral and cardiovascular disease. Better understanding of this pathway may have the potential for development of interventions to decrease disease risk in this group.

查看原文本刊更多论文

一项调查吸烟对口腔微生物群中减少硝酸盐的细菌影响的初步研究。

目的：探讨吸烟对口腔硝酸盐还原菌（ONRB）体内外活性和丰度的影响。材料和方法：一项观察性研究，包括11名吸烟者和31名非吸烟者。从每位参与者收集唾液和硝酸盐冲洗样本，分析唾液生物标志物以及体内ONRB的活性和丰度。此外，还研究了香烟烟雾对四种罗非亚植物硝酸盐还原活性的影响。结果：吸烟者与非吸烟者口腔微生物组β多样性差异有统计学意义（P = 0.0063）。吸烟者唾液中黄奈瑟菌和口放线菌含量显著升高，黄下奈瑟菌、口腔奈瑟菌、反硝化金氏菌和乔治放线菌含量显著降低。吸烟者的唾液亚硝酸盐水平显著降低（P = 0.034），唾液pH值降低（P = 0.058），唾液硫氰酸盐升高（P = 0.018）。在体外暴露于香烟烟雾中，罗氏菌的硝酸盐还原活性降低（P = 0.0046）。结论：吸烟降低了唾液亚硝酸盐水平，对体内ONRB丰度有物种依赖效应，对罗栀子属植物体外硝酸盐还原活性有抑制作用。临床意义：吸烟者口腔微生物组的“转变”和对硝酸盐减少的抑制作用可能导致口腔和心血管疾病的风险增加。更好地了解这一途径可能有助于开发干预措施，以降低这一群体的疾病风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

11.40%

发文量

349

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Dentistry has an open access mirror journal The Journal of Dentistry: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. The Journal of Dentistry is the leading international dental journal within the field of Restorative Dentistry. Placing an emphasis on publishing novel and high-quality research papers, the Journal aims to influence the practice of dentistry at clinician, research, industry and policy-maker level on an international basis. Topics covered include the management of dental disease, periodontology, endodontology, operative dentistry, fixed and removable prosthodontics, dental biomaterials science, long-term clinical trials including epidemiology and oral health, technology transfer of new scientific instrumentation or procedures, as well as clinically relevant oral biology and translational research. The Journal of Dentistry will publish original scientific research papers including short communications. It is also interested in publishing review articles and leaders in themed areas which will be linked to new scientific research. Conference proceedings are also welcome and expressions of interest should be communicated to the Editor.