Nikoleta Ivanova, Stoyan Ivanov, Stefan Peev, Tsanka Dikova
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: The growing demand for effective methods of bone tissue regeneration highlights the relevance of studying modern bone substitutes and their applications in regenerative medicine. The aim of this work was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the biological, mechanical, and clinical characteristics of various types of bone substitutes to determine their potential in regenerative medicine.
Methods: The study was performed as a systematic literature review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 68 high-quality scientific sources from 2019 to May 2025, using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases.
Results: It was established that autogenous grafts exhibit the highest osteogenic properties due to the presence of growth factors BMP-2, BMP-7, and concentrated growth factors; however, their use is limited by donor site morbidity in 20-30% of patients and the requirement to treat 6% of fractures complicated by non-union. Allogeneic and xenogeneic substitutes provide structural support for large defects but require intensive processing in accordance with European Directives 2004/23/EC and 2006/86/EC to minimize the risk of infection transmission. Synthetic substitutes based on calcium phosphate ceramics with pore sizes ranging from 23 to 210 micrometres demonstrate excellent biocompatibility and controlled degradation, with β-tricalcium phosphate exhibiting optimal characteristics for long-term applications compared to calcium sulphate.
Conclusions: The findings of the study highlight the necessity of a personalized approach in selecting bone substitutes, considering the specific requirements of medical specialities, and support the development of hybrid biomaterials to combine structural strength with biological activity.
背景：对有效的骨组织再生方法的需求日益增长，突出了研究现代骨替代品及其在再生医学中的应用的相关性。本研究的目的是对各种骨替代物的生物学、力学和临床特性进行综合分析，以确定其在再生医学中的潜力。方法：根据PRISMA指南进行系统文献综述，分析了2019年至2025年5月期间的68篇高质量科学文献，使用PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar数据库。结果：证实自体移植物由于存在生长因子BMP-2、BMP-7和浓缩生长因子而表现出最高的成骨性能；然而，由于20-30%的患者的供体部位发病率和6%的骨折合并不愈合需要治疗，它们的使用受到限制。同种异体和异种替代品为大缺陷提供了结构支持，但需要按照欧洲指令2004/23/EC和2006/86/EC进行强化处理，以尽量减少感染传播的风险。基于孔径为23至210微米的磷酸钙陶瓷的合成替代品表现出优异的生物相容性和可控制的降解，与硫酸钙相比，β-磷酸三钙表现出长期应用的最佳特性。结论：研究结果强调了个性化选择骨替代物的必要性，考虑到医学专业的具体要求，并支持混合生物材料的发展，将结构强度与生物活性结合起来。
期刊介绍：
Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB, ISSN 2079-4983) is an international and interdisciplinary scientific journal that publishes regular research papers (articles), reviews and short communications about applications of materials for biomedical use. JFB covers subjects from chemistry, pharmacy, biology, physics over to engineering. The journal focuses on the preparation, performance and use of functional biomaterials in biomedical devices and their behaviour in physiological environments. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Several topical special issues will be published. Scope: adhesion, adsorption, biocompatibility, biohybrid materials, bio-inert materials, biomaterials, biomedical devices, biomimetic materials, bone repair, cardiovascular devices, ceramics, composite materials, dental implants, dental materials, drug delivery systems, functional biopolymers, glasses, hyper branched polymers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), nanomedicine, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, natural materials, self-assembly smart materials, stimuli responsive materials, surface modification, tissue devices, tissue engineering, tissue-derived materials, urological devices.
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