Research and Development of a CO2-Responsive TMPDA-SDS-SiO2 Gel System for Profile Control and Enhanced Oil Recovery.

IF 5.3 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE
Gels Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI:10.3390/gels11090709
Guojun Li, Meilong Fu, Jun Chen, Yuhao Zhu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A CO2-responsive TMPDA-SDS-SiO2 gel system was developed and evaluated through formulation optimization, structural characterization, rheological testing, and core flooding experiments. The optimal formulation was identified as 7.39 wt% SDS, 1.69 wt% TMPDA, and 0.1 wt% SiO2, achieving post-CO2 viscosities above 103-104 mPa·s. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses confirmed that CO2 protonates TMPDA amine groups to form carbamate/bicarbonate species, which drive the micellar transformation into a wormlike network, thereby enhancing gelation and viscosity. Rheological tests showed severe shear-thinning behavior, excellent shear recovery, and reversible viscosity changes under alternating CO2/N2 injection. The gel demonstrated rapid responsiveness, reaching stable viscosities within 8 min, and maintained good performance after 60 days of thermal aging at 90 °C and in high-salinity brines. Plugging tests in sand-packed tubes revealed that a permeability reduction of 98.9% could be achieved at 0.15 PV injection. In heterogeneous parallel core flooding experiments, the gel preferentially reduced high-permeability channel conductivity, improved sweep efficiency in low-permeability zones, and increased incremental oil recovery by 14.28-34.38% depending on the permeability contrast. These findings indicate that the CO2-responsive TMPDA-SDS-SiO2 gel system offers promising potential as a novel smart blocking gel system for improving the effectiveness of CO2 flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs.

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用于调剖和提高采收率的co2响应型TMPDA-SDS-SiO2凝胶体系的研制
通过配方优化、结构表征、流变学测试和岩心驱替实验,开发了一种响应二氧化碳的TMPDA-SDS-SiO2凝胶体系。最佳配方为7.39 wt% SDS, 1.69 wt% TMPDA, 0.1 wt% SiO2,可获得103-104 mPa·s以上的后co2黏度。光谱和微观分析证实,CO2使TMPDA胺基质子化形成氨基甲酸酯/碳酸氢盐,从而驱动胶束转化为蠕虫状网络,从而增强凝胶和粘度。流变学试验表明,在CO2/N2交替注入条件下,剪切变薄行为严重,剪切恢复良好,粘度变化可逆。凝胶表现出快速的反应性,在8分钟内达到稳定的粘度,并在90°C和高盐度盐水中热老化60天后保持良好的性能。充填砂管的封堵测试表明,0.15 PV注入可使渗透率降低98.9%。在非均质平行岩心驱油实验中,凝胶优先降低高渗透通道电导率,提高低渗透区域的波及效率,根据渗透率对比,增加采收率14.28 ~ 34.38%。这些研究结果表明,TMPDA-SDS-SiO2凝胶体系作为一种新型智能封堵凝胶体系,具有提高非均质油藏CO2驱油效果的潜力。
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来源期刊
Gels
Gels POLYMER SCIENCE-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
19.60%
发文量
707
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Gels (ISSN 2310-2861) is an international, open access journal on physical (supramolecular) and chemical gel-based materials. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the maximum length of the papers, and full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Short communications, full research papers and review papers are accepted formats for the preparation of the manuscripts. Gels aims to serve as a reference journal with a focus on gel materials for researchers working in both academia and industry. Therefore, papers demonstrating practical applications of these materials are particularly welcome. Occasionally, invited contributions (i.e., original research and review articles) on emerging issues and high-tech applications of gels are published as special issues.
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