Madline Priska Gund, Jusef Naim, Muhammad Al Muhammad, Antje Lehmann, Axel Schindler, Matthias Hannig, Stefan Rupf
{"title":"Qualitative Enhancement of the Tooth-Filling Interface Using Cold Atmospheric Plasma.","authors":"Madline Priska Gund, Jusef Naim, Muhammad Al Muhammad, Antje Lehmann, Axel Schindler, Matthias Hannig, Stefan Rupf","doi":"10.3390/dj13090406","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on adhesive bonding in Class II composite restorations in vitro. <b>Methods</b>: Forty-eight standardized Class II cavities were assigned to six groups (<i>n</i> = 8), varying in phosphoric acid conditioning, CAP treatment (1.5 W or 3 W), composite filling, and thermo-mechanical loading (TML). Evaluations included dye penetration, adhesive layer morphology, resin tag length, and hybrid layer thickness. <b>Results</b>: CAP combined with phosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) significantly increased hybrid layer thickness and resin tag length (<i>p</i> < 0.006). The lowest dye penetration was observed in Groups 1 and 4. <b>Conclusions</b>: CAP in combination with phosphoric acid improved the adhesive interface in Class II cavities. CAP alone showed limited benefits, and higher power levels may negatively affect bonding.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468222/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dentistry Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13090406","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on adhesive bonding in Class II composite restorations in vitro. Methods: Forty-eight standardized Class II cavities were assigned to six groups (n = 8), varying in phosphoric acid conditioning, CAP treatment (1.5 W or 3 W), composite filling, and thermo-mechanical loading (TML). Evaluations included dye penetration, adhesive layer morphology, resin tag length, and hybrid layer thickness. Results: CAP combined with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) significantly increased hybrid layer thickness and resin tag length (p < 0.006). The lowest dye penetration was observed in Groups 1 and 4. Conclusions: CAP in combination with phosphoric acid improved the adhesive interface in Class II cavities. CAP alone showed limited benefits, and higher power levels may negatively affect bonding.
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