Comparative Analysis of Chemical Activators and Expansive Agents for Aeolian Sand Stabilization Using Industrial Solid Waste-Based Geopolymers.

IF 5.3 3区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Gels Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI:10.3390/gels11090713

Zilu Xie, Zengzhen Qian, Xianlong Lu, Hao Wang, Phatyoufy Lai

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Abstract

Aeolian sand is the primary geological material for construction in desert regions, and its stabilization with industrial solid wastes-based geopolymer (ISWG) provides an eco-friendly treatment replacing cement. This study comparatively investigated the enhancement effects of chemical activators and expansive agents on compressive strength of aeolian sand stabilized by ISWG (ASIG). Three chemical activators-NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, and CaCl₂-along with two expansive agents-desulfurized gypsum and bentonite-were considered. Through X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and pH values tests, the enhancement mechanisms of the additives on ASIG were elucidated. Results demonstrate that the expansive agent exhibits significantly superior strengthening effects on ASIG compared to the widely applied chemical activators. Chemical activators promoted ISWs dissolution and hydration product synthesis, thereby densifying the hydration product matrix but concurrently enlarged interparticle pores. Desulfurized gypsum incorporation induced morphological changes in ettringite, and excessive desulfurized gypsum generated substantial ettringite that disrupted gel matrix. In contrast, bentonite demonstrated superior pore-filling efficacy while densifying gel matrix through a compaction effect. These findings highlight bentonite superior compatibility with the unique microstructure of aeolian sand compared to conventional alkaline activators or expansive agents, and better effectiveness in enhancing the strength of ASIG.

查看原文本刊更多论文

工业固体废弃物基地聚合物稳定风沙的化学活化剂和膨胀剂的对比分析。

风成砂是沙漠地区建筑的主要地质材料，其与工业固体废物基地聚合物（ISWG）的稳定提供了一种替代水泥的环保处理方法。对比研究了化学活化剂和膨胀剂对ISWG （ASIG）稳定风沙抗压强度的增强作用。考虑了三种化学活化剂——naoh、Ca(OH)2和cacl2，以及两种膨胀剂——脱硫石膏和膨润土。通过x射线衍射、热重分析、扫描电镜、压汞法和pH值测试，阐明了添加剂对asg的增强机理。结果表明，与广泛应用的化学活化剂相比，膨胀剂对ASIG的强化效果明显优于化学活化剂。化学活化剂促进了ISWs的溶解和水化产物的合成，从而使水化产物基质致密化，同时扩大了颗粒间孔隙。脱硫石膏掺入导致钙矾石形态发生变化，过量脱硫石膏产生大量钙矾石，破坏凝胶基质。相比之下，膨润土表现出优异的孔隙填充效果，同时通过压实作用致密化凝胶基质。这些发现表明，与传统的碱性活化剂或膨胀剂相比，膨润土与风成砂独特的微观结构具有更好的相容性，并且在增强aseg强度方面具有更好的效果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Gels POLYMER SCIENCE-

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

19.60%

发文量

707

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal Gels (ISSN 2310-2861) is an international, open access journal on physical (supramolecular) and chemical gel-based materials. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the maximum length of the papers, and full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Short communications, full research papers and review papers are accepted formats for the preparation of the manuscripts. Gels aims to serve as a reference journal with a focus on gel materials for researchers working in both academia and industry. Therefore, papers demonstrating practical applications of these materials are particularly welcome. Occasionally, invited contributions (i.e., original research and review articles) on emerging issues and high-tech applications of gels are published as special issues.