Material-Dependent Microhardness Response to Preheating in Nanoparticulate Composite Resins Cured with High-Intensity Light.

IF 3.1 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dentistry Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI:10.3390/dj13090403

Jorge I Fajardo, César A Paltán, Ana Armas-Vega, Camila Campanella-Maldonado, Silvio Requena-Cisneros

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Abstract

Background/objectives: Composite resins are widely used in restorative dentistry due to their aesthetic properties and ease of handling. Preheating prior to light polymerization has been proposed to improve flowability, degree of conversion, and mechanical properties. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of preheating on the microhardness of three nanoparticulate composite resins-IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar), Filtek Z350 XT (3M-ESPE), and Forma (Ultradent)-when cured with a high-power LED light.

Methods: Sixty disc-shaped samples (n = 20 per material) were fabricated and divided into preheated and non-preheated groups. After polishing and 24 h storage in distilled water at 37 °C, samples were subjected to Knoop microhardness testing under a 300 g load for 15 s. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software.

Results: Preheating produced a significant increase in surface microhardness for IPS Empress Direct (32.8%) and Filtek Z350 XT (5.8%) (p < 0.05 for both), whereas Forma showed no significant change.

Conclusions: Under the conditions of this in vitro study, preheating can enhance the mechanical performance of specific composite resins by increasing microhardness; however, the effect is material-dependent.

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高强光固化纳米复合树脂的材料显微硬度响应。

背景/目的：复合树脂因其美观和易于操作而广泛应用于牙科修复。轻聚合前的预热已被提出，以改善流动性，转化率和机械性能。本体外实验旨在评估三种纳米颗粒复合树脂(ips Empress Direct （Ivoclar), Filtek Z350 XT （3M-ESPE）和Forma (Ultradent)）在大功率LED光固化时对其显微硬度的影响。方法：制作60个圆盘状样品（每种材料n = 20），分为预热组和未预热组。抛光后，在37°C蒸馏水中保存24 h，在300 g负载下进行努氏显微硬度测试，测试时间为15 s。采用R软件进行统计分析。结果：预热使IPS皇后直纹（32.8%）和Filtek Z350 XT（5.8%）的表面显微硬度显著升高（p < 0.05），而Forma的表面显微硬度无显著变化。结论：在本体外实验条件下，预热可以通过提高显微硬度来提高特定复合树脂的力学性能；然而，这种效果是依赖于物质的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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