Terminal guidance and control algorithms for kinetic impact missions on 30-m-diameter asteroids

IF 6.5 1区物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Astrodynamics Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI:10.1007/s42064-024-0239-z

Jialong Song, Ning Han, Shuo Mu, Hui Liu, Yaowu Duan, Shuxuan Liu, Hexi Baoyin

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Abstract

Kinetic impact is an effective approach for studying and defending against asteroids. Impact missions have focused on asteroids with diameters larger than 100 m, whereas smaller missions have not been explored. Terminal guidance and control algorithms for small asteroids have received limited attention. China plans to conduct its first asteroid defense demonstration mission around 2025 on a 30-m-diameter asteroid. This paper presents the guidance and control algorithms for the terminal phase of this mission. The guidance formulas for impact missions are derived in this study using predictive and proportional guidance laws. Three maneuver criteria are proposed to determine the optimal timing for orbit correction, considering fuel consumption, impact accuracy, and computational cost. A continuous thrust control strategy was introduced to achieve incremental changes in velocity based on the relative motion of the impactor and target. The performance of the guidance and control algorithms was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation, which demonstrated their effectiveness in handling uncertainties and achieving a high success rate. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can be applied to future impact missions targeting small asteroids.

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30m直径小行星动能撞击任务末制导与控制算法

动能撞击是研究和防御小行星的有效方法。撞击任务集中在直径大于100米的小行星上，而较小的任务还没有被探索过。小型小行星的末端制导和控制算法受到的关注有限。中国计划在2025年左右对一颗直径30米的小行星进行首次小行星防御演示任务。本文给出了该任务末段的制导和控制算法。利用预测制导律和比例制导律推导了冲击任务的制导公式。考虑了燃料消耗、撞击精度和计算成本，提出了确定轨道修正最佳时机的三个机动准则。提出了一种连续推力控制策略，以实现基于冲击器和目标相对运动的速度增量变化。通过蒙特卡罗仿真对制导和控制算法的性能进行了评价，验证了其处理不确定性的有效性和较高的成功率。结果表明，该算法可应用于未来的小行星撞击任务。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Astrodynamics Engineering-Aerospace Engineering

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

34.40%

发文量

期刊介绍： Astrodynamics is a peer-reviewed international journal that is co-published by Tsinghua University Press and Springer. The high-quality peer-reviewed articles of original research, comprehensive review, mission accomplishments, and technical comments in all fields of astrodynamics will be given priorities for publication. In addition, related research in astronomy and astrophysics that takes advantages of the analytical and computational methods of astrodynamics is also welcome. Astrodynamics would like to invite all of the astrodynamics specialists to submit their research articles to this new journal. Currently, the scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to:Fundamental orbital dynamicsSpacecraft trajectory optimization and space mission designOrbit determination and prediction, autonomous orbital navigationSpacecraft attitude determination, control, and dynamicsGuidance and control of spacecraft and space robotsSpacecraft constellation design and formation flyingModelling, analysis, and optimization of innovative space systemsNovel concepts for space engineering and interdisciplinary applicationsThe effort of the Editorial Board will be ensuring the journal to publish novel researches that advance the field, and will provide authors with a productive, fair, and timely review experience. It is our sincere hope that all researchers in the field of astrodynamics will eagerly access this journal, Astrodynamics, as either authors or readers, making it an illustrious journal that will shape our future space explorations and discoveries.