Emerging Threats of Harmful Algal Blooms to Seagrass Blue Carbon Resources: Mechanism, Ecological Interactions, and Adaptive Management Strategies

IF 8.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Zhangqi Zuo, Lei Chen, Yingjie Zhu, Yuzhou Huang, Fei Li, Xi Xiao
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) present a growing threat to seagrass ecosystems, significantly impacting their ecological functions and blue carbon potential. Understanding the complex interactions between HABs and seagrasses is crucial for developing adaptive management strategies to protect seagrass ecosystems.

Recent Findings

Recent studies reveal that global HAB events have significantly expanded both geographically and in frequency over the past two decades. The geomorphological processes and depositional environments of seagrass meadows, along with the effects of climate change, act as contemporary drivers that influence algal invasion, presence, and retention within seagrass ecosystems. Emerging research demonstrates that macroalgal blooms can significantly accelerate seagrass carbon loss by enhancing decomposition rates and increasing greenhouse gas emissions from blue carbon stocks. Seagrass allelopathy and associated algicidal bacteria play crucial roles in natural HAB control. Advanced monitoring techniques combining artificial intelligence with remote sensing have achieved significant improvements in detecting and tracking HAB events and seagrass ecosystems.

Summary

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of HAB-seagrass interactions, documenting diverse types of HABs affecting seagrass beds, including macroalgal and microalgal blooms. We examine key environmental factors contributing to HABs in seagrass ecosystems, particularly eutrophication, global warming, and ocean acidification, and analyze their complex impact mechanisms, including light limitation, resource competition, biogeochemical alterations, and toxin effects. Natural defense mechanisms of seagrasses, particularly allelopathy and algicidal bacteria, offer potential solutions for HAB control. Effective protection of these valuable blue carbon resources requires integrated adaptive management strategies, combining advanced monitoring technologies, water quality improvement measures, and community-based conservation approaches.

有害藻华对海草蓝碳资源的新威胁:机制、生态相互作用和适应性管理策略
有害藻华对海草生态系统的威胁日益严重,严重影响了其生态功能和蓝碳潜力。了解赤潮与海草之间复杂的相互作用对于制定保护海草生态系统的适应性管理策略至关重要。最近的发现最近的研究表明,在过去的二十年中,全球赤潮事件在地理上和频率上都有显著的扩大。海草草甸的地貌过程和沉积环境,以及气候变化的影响,是影响海草生态系统中藻类入侵、存在和保留的当代驱动因素。新的研究表明,大型藻华可以通过提高分解速率和增加蓝色碳储量的温室气体排放来显著加速海草的碳损失。海草化感作用及其伴生的杀藻菌在自然控制赤潮中起着重要作用。人工智能与遥感相结合的先进监测技术在赤潮事件和海草生态系统的检测和跟踪方面取得了重大进展。本文综述了藻华与海草相互作用的综合分析,记录了影响海草床的各种类型的藻华,包括大藻华和微藻华。我们研究了海草生态系统中导致有害藻华的主要环境因素,特别是富营养化、全球变暖和海洋酸化,并分析了它们的复杂影响机制,包括光照限制、资源竞争、生物地球化学变化和毒素效应。海草的天然防御机制,特别是化感作用和杀藻细菌,为控制赤潮提供了潜在的解决方案。有效保护这些宝贵的蓝碳资源需要综合适应性管理策略,结合先进的监测技术、水质改善措施和社区保护方法。
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来源期刊
Current Pollution Reports
Current Pollution Reports Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
1.40%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: Current Pollution Reports provides in-depth review articles contributed by international experts on the most significant developments in the field of environmental pollution.By presenting clear, insightful, balanced reviews that emphasize recently published papers of major importance, the journal elucidates current and emerging approaches to identification, characterization, treatment, management of pollutants and much more.
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