{"title":"Revisiting the Winding Angle of the Heliospheric Magnetic Field: Investigating the Influence of Turbulence","authors":"F. H. van der Merwe, N. E. Engelbrecht","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02490-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The nature, and geometry, of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) plays a significant role in the transport of energetic charged particles, whether these be of solar or galactic origin. The present study investigates the winding angle of the HMF by analysing almost 60 years of spacecraft data, by employing methods based on the assumption of a Parker HMF from prior studies, as well as a 3D definition of the winding angle. The 2D results reveal an overwound (relative to the expected Parker field result) winding angle with a clear solar cycle dependence, in agreement with previous studies. The 3D results, however, indicate a consistently underwound field. It is further demonstrated that this winding can potentially be explained by the meandering of HMF lines due to the presence of turbulence. Furthermore, consequences of this phenomenon for energetic particle transport, particularly for magnetic focusing, are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-025-02490-4.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Solar Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-025-02490-4","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The nature, and geometry, of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) plays a significant role in the transport of energetic charged particles, whether these be of solar or galactic origin. The present study investigates the winding angle of the HMF by analysing almost 60 years of spacecraft data, by employing methods based on the assumption of a Parker HMF from prior studies, as well as a 3D definition of the winding angle. The 2D results reveal an overwound (relative to the expected Parker field result) winding angle with a clear solar cycle dependence, in agreement with previous studies. The 3D results, however, indicate a consistently underwound field. It is further demonstrated that this winding can potentially be explained by the meandering of HMF lines due to the presence of turbulence. Furthermore, consequences of this phenomenon for energetic particle transport, particularly for magnetic focusing, are discussed.
期刊介绍：
Solar Physics was founded in 1967 and is the principal journal for the publication of the results of fundamental research on the Sun. The journal treats all aspects of solar physics, ranging from the internal structure of the Sun and its evolution to the outer corona and solar wind in interplanetary space. Papers on solar-terrestrial physics and on stellar research are also published when their results have a direct bearing on our understanding of the Sun.
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