Development and characterization of chlorquinaldol-loaded nanogels: a promising topical delivery system with sustained release and enhanced antimicrobial efficacy

IF 2.3 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Colloid and Polymer Science Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI:10.1007/s00396-025-05438-z

Rukhsar Nasir, Zulcaif Ahmad, Waqar Siddique, Asif Mahmood, Muhammad Furqan Akhtar

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Abstract

This study focused on the development and characterization of chlorquinaldol (CQD)-loaded nanogels for effective topical application. CQD, a hydrophobic antimicrobial agent, was encapsulated using polymers like carbopol 940 and gellan gum through high-pressure homogenization to enhance its solubility and stability. The prepared nanogels exhibited a particle size of 143.56 ± 2.34 nm and a zeta potential of − 0.1 mV, ensuring stability and uniform dispersion. The pH of the formulation was optimized to 6.43, which is compatible with skin applications. The nanogels demonstrated sustained drug release, achieving 87.09 ± 1.08% release over 48 h, following first-order kinetics. Antimicrobial studies against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed superior efficacy, with zones of inhibition measuring 20.5 ± 1.2 mm and 18.3 ± 1.4 mm, respectively, compared to free CQD (15.2 ± 1.1 mm and 13.5 ± 1.0 mm). Furthermore, the nanogel formulations exhibited excellent spreadability (13.3 g cm/s) and were non-irritant, as confirmed by skin irritation tests on animal models. These findings suggest that CQD-loaded nanogels are a promising platform for enhanced topical drug delivery, offering sustained release, improved stability, and superior antimicrobial activity.

Graphical Abstract

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氯喹二酚负载纳米凝胶的开发和表征：一种具有缓释和增强抗菌功效的有前途的局部给药系统

本文主要研究了高效外用氯喹醛纳米凝胶的制备和表征。CQD是一种疏水抗菌剂，采用卡波醇940和结冷胶等聚合物进行高压均质包封，以提高其溶解度和稳定性。制备的纳米凝胶粒径为143.56±2.34 nm， zeta电位为−0.1 mV，稳定性好，分散均匀。优化后的pH值为6.43，适合皮肤使用。纳米凝胶表现出持续的药物释放，在48小时内达到87.09±1.08%的释放，符合一级动力学。对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌效果优于游离CQD(15.2±1.1 mm和13.5±1.0 mm)，抑菌区分别为20.5±1.2 mm和18.3±1.4 mm。此外，在动物模型上进行的皮肤刺激试验证实，纳米凝胶配方具有优异的涂抹性（13.3 g cm/s），并且无刺激性。这些发现表明，负载cqd的纳米凝胶是一个很有前途的平台，可以增强局部给药，提供持续释放，提高稳定性和卓越的抗菌活性。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Colloid and Polymer Science 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

4.20%

发文量

111

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Colloid and Polymer Science - a leading international journal of longstanding tradition - is devoted to colloid and polymer science and its interdisciplinary interactions. As such, it responds to a demand which has lost none of its actuality as revealed in the trends of contemporary materials science.