Molecular-level biomass composition and crosslinking regulation towards hard carbon with high initial Coulombic efficiency for sodium-ion battery

IF 7.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Science China Materials Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1007/s40843-025-3419-2

Yandong Xie (, ), Sishi Li (, ), Shiyin Xie (, ), Yulong Zhang (, ), Ziqiang Fan (, ), Yuecong Chen (, ), Jian Zhu (, ), Qingyun Dou (, ), Xingbin Yan (, )

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Although hard carbon (HC) is currently considered to be the pioneering anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), its low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) results in excessive sodium consumption at the cathode in full cells, thereby significantly limiting its practical application in SIBs. Organic small molecule-assisted biomass co-thermal crosslinking is an effective strategy. Herein, through modulating the composition ratios among lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the raw bamboo, and then leveraging an organic small molecule (maleic anhydride, MA)-assisted thermal-crosslinking, the multiple structural features including carbon layer orientation, graphite-like domain size and closed pore structure can be precisely controlled in the HC product. The regulation of precursor components promotes the formation of sp² hybridized structure within the carbon skeleton, leading to the generation of larger graphite-like microcrystalline domains. Meanwhile, the crosslinking induced by MA facilitates the development of closed pores during the final high-temperature carbonization. Consequently, the resulting HC material (HC-BO-MA) exhibits an impressive ICE of 93.9% coupled with a high reversible specific capacity of 324 mAh g⁻¹ (at 20 mA g⁻¹). This work provides valuable insights for the rational design of high-performance biomass-derived HC anodes for SIBs.

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钠离子电池高初始库仑效率硬碳的分子水平生物质组成及交联调控

虽然硬碳（HC）目前被认为是钠离子电池（sib）的先驱负极材料，但其低的初始库仑效率（ICE）导致其在满电池的阴极处消耗过多的钠，从而极大地限制了其在sib中的实际应用。有机小分子辅助生物质共热交联是一种有效的方法。本文通过调节原料竹中木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的组成比例，利用有机小分子（马来酸酐，MA）辅助热交联，可以精确控制HC产品的碳层取向、类石墨畴大小和闭孔结构等多种结构特征。前驱体组分的调控促进了碳骨架内sp2杂化结构的形成，导致更大的类石墨微晶畴的产生。同时，MA诱导的交联促进了最终高温碳化过程中封闭孔隙的形成。因此，所得的HC材料（HC- bo - mA）具有令人印象深刻的93.9%的ICE，以及324 mAh g−1的高可逆比容量（在20 mA g−1时）。这项工作为sib高性能生物质衍生HC阳极的合理设计提供了有价值的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Science China Materials Materials Science-General Materials Science

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

7.40%

发文量

949

期刊介绍： Science China Materials (SCM) is a globally peer-reviewed journal that covers all facets of materials science. It is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and co-sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The journal is jointly published monthly in both printed and electronic forms by Science China Press and Springer. The aim of SCM is to encourage communication of high-quality, innovative research results at the cutting-edge interface of materials science with chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. It focuses on breakthroughs from around the world and aims to become a world-leading academic journal for materials science.