Strategic approaches for enhancing the bioactivity of glass ionomer cement: A mechanistic and clinical perspective in terms of structural and surface modifications

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106126

Ali Saatchifard, Nader Nezafati, Saeed Hesaraki

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

To classify and evaluate current methods that increase the bioactivity of (GICs). This will highlight their clinical relevance and mechanism.

Data/Sources

Relevant literature was downloaded from PubMed and ScienceDirect, without consideration for language or publication year. Experiments that examined the surface, composition, and structural modification of GICs were included, both in vitro and in vivo studies.

Study selection

A critical analysis reviewed literature that focused on four main strategies: surface functionalization, liquid phase modification, powder phase modification, and additive addition. The review took into account ion release, apatite formation, antibacterial, and biological response based on reported findings. The results determined powder and liquid phase interventions to improve remineralization and bonding capacity. In contrast to this, bioactive additives like Bioactive Glass (BAG), chitosan, and nanoparticles increased ion exchange and antibacterial activity. While difficult to compare due to the difference in method and lack of long-term evidence, changes at the surface level improved cellular adhesion and apatite deposition.

Conclusions

Our review identified several laboratory methods that increase bioactivity. However, because studies differ in methods and report inconsistent mechanical results—and because long-term clinical data are scarce—it remains unclear which approaches will provide durable advantages for patients.

Clinical Relevance

Revised GICs are promising as restorative materials because they can integrate better with tissue, remineralize, and be resistant to bacteria better. However, when considering using them in the clinic, doctors should also discuss the possible benefits and the current uncertainties with patients. There is no normative evidence, and different modification methods suit different people.

查看原文本刊更多论文

提高玻璃离子水门铁生物活性的策略途径：结构和表面修饰方面的机制和临床观点。

目的：对目前提高GICs生物活性的方法进行分类和评价。这将突出其临床相关性和机制。数据/来源：相关文献从PubMed和ScienceDirect下载，不考虑语言或出版年份。研究了GICs的表面、组成和结构修饰的实验，包括体外和体内研究。研究选择：一个关键的分析回顾了文献，集中在四个主要策略：表面功能化，液相改性，粉末相改性，添加剂添加。该综述考虑了离子释放、磷灰石形成、抗菌和基于报道结果的生物反应。结果确定了粉末和液相干预可以提高再矿化和结合能力。与此相反，生物活性添加剂如生物活性玻璃（BAG）、壳聚糖和纳米颗粒增加了离子交换和抗菌活性。虽然由于方法的不同和缺乏长期证据而难以比较，但表面水平的变化改善了细胞粘附和磷灰石沉积。结论：我们的综述确定了几种提高生物活性的实验室方法。然而，由于研究方法不同，报告的力学结果也不一致，而且缺乏长期临床数据，因此尚不清楚哪种方法将为患者提供持久的优势。临床相关性：改良的gic作为修复材料很有希望，因为它们可以更好地与组织结合，再矿化，更好地抵抗细菌。然而，当考虑在临床上使用它们时，医生也应该与患者讨论可能的益处和当前的不确定性。没有规范性的证据，不同的修改方法适合不同的人。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

11.40%

发文量

349

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Dentistry has an open access mirror journal The Journal of Dentistry: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. The Journal of Dentistry is the leading international dental journal within the field of Restorative Dentistry. Placing an emphasis on publishing novel and high-quality research papers, the Journal aims to influence the practice of dentistry at clinician, research, industry and policy-maker level on an international basis. Topics covered include the management of dental disease, periodontology, endodontology, operative dentistry, fixed and removable prosthodontics, dental biomaterials science, long-term clinical trials including epidemiology and oral health, technology transfer of new scientific instrumentation or procedures, as well as clinically relevant oral biology and translational research. The Journal of Dentistry will publish original scientific research papers including short communications. It is also interested in publishing review articles and leaders in themed areas which will be linked to new scientific research. Conference proceedings are also welcome and expressions of interest should be communicated to the Editor.