Anti-Arthritis and Biosafety Properties of Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Cedrus libani Extract.

IF 6.5 2区医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY

International Journal of Nanomedicine Pub Date : 2025-09-19 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/IJN.S537934

Diana Battal Mejjo, Ream Nayal, Wassim Abdelwahed, Mohammad Yaser Abajy

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: This research was conducted to develop an easy and safe method for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with the aim of enhancing the efficacy and biosafety of ethanolic Cedrus libani (CL) extract and its aqueous fraction (ACL), as a potential preclinical candidate for anti-arthritis applications.

Methods: UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential were used to characterize the synthesized ZnO NPs. The optimal synthesis conditions were determined by evaluating the effects of reaction parameters. The anti-arthritis effect was investigated in vitro using albumin denaturation and human red blood cells (HRBCs) membrane stabilization tests. Additionally, Franz cells were used to determine the ex vivo permeability; carrageenan-induced paw edema, C-reactive protein measurement, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were used to study the in vivo anti-arthritis effect. Biosafety was assessed through acute and subacute dermal toxicity tests.

Results: Both CL and ACL could synthesize ZnO NPs with 71 and 44 nm diameters, respectively. In vitro, synthesized ZnO NPs showed superior anti-arthritis effects compared to sodium diclofenac and plant extracts, with the IC₅₀ values for the albumin denaturation test being10.84 and 11.93 µg/mL for CL-ZnO NPs and ACL-ZnO NPs, respectively. The IC₅₀ values for the HRBCs membrane stabilization assay were 9.74 and 14.8 µg/mL for CL-ZnO NPs and ACL-ZnO NPs, respectively. The ex vivo permeability study showed high permeability (946.8 µg/h/cm²). In vivo, both synthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced edema, and performed better than sodium diclofenac and plant extracts, with maximum inhibition of 85.96±14.21% (CL-ZnO NPs) and 92.97±6.43% (ACL-ZnO NPs). Acute and subacute toxicity evaluations revealed no adverse effects.

Conclusion: The green synthesized ZnO NPs from both CL and ACL had high permeability, superior efficacy, and biosafe which make them a promising natural product for managing arthritis conditions.

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山茱萸提取物绿色合成氧化锌纳米颗粒的抗关节炎及生物安全性研究。

目的：研究一种简便、安全的氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）合成方法，以提高乙醇龙骨草（CL）提取物及其水溶液组分（ACL）的有效性和生物安全性，作为抗关节炎的潜在临床前候选药物。方法：采用紫外可见分光光度法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法、场发射扫描电镜法、能量色散x射线光谱法、动态光散射法和zeta电位法对合成的ZnO NPs进行表征。通过评价反应参数的影响，确定了最佳合成条件。通过体外白蛋白变性和人红细胞（hrbc）膜稳定试验研究其抗关节炎作用。此外，采用Franz细胞测定体外通透性；采用角叉菜胶诱导足跖水肿、c反应蛋白测定和红细胞沉降率研究其体内抗关节炎作用。通过急性和亚急性皮肤毒性试验评估生物安全性。结果：CL和ACL均能合成直径分别为71 nm和44 nm的ZnO NPs。与双氯芬酸钠和植物提取物相比，合成的氧化锌NPs在体外具有更强的抗关节炎作用，CL-ZnO NPs和ACL-ZnO NPs在白蛋白变性试验中的IC50值分别为10.84和11.93µg/mL。CL-ZnO NPs和ACL-ZnO NPs的hrbc膜稳定实验的IC50值分别为9.74和14.8µg/mL。体外渗透性研究表明，其渗透性高（946.8µg/h/cm²）。在体内，两种合成的ZnO NPs对卡拉胶诱导的水肿均有显著的抑制作用，且抑制效果优于双氯芬酸钠和植物提取物，最大抑制率分别为85.96±14.21% （CL-ZnO NPs）和92.97±6.43% （ACL-ZnO NPs）。急性和亚急性毒性评价显示无不良反应。结论：从CL和ACL中合成的绿色氧化锌NPs具有高通透性、高疗效和生物安全性，是治疗关节炎的一种有前景的天然产物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Nanomedicine NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

CiteScore

14.40

自引率

3.80%

发文量

511

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Nanomedicine is a globally recognized journal that focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical field. It is a peer-reviewed and open-access publication that covers diverse aspects of this rapidly evolving research area. With its strong emphasis on the clinical potential of nanoparticles in disease diagnostics, prevention, and treatment, the journal aims to showcase cutting-edge research and development in the field. Starting from now, the International Journal of Nanomedicine will not accept meta-analyses for publication.