Effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the growth, immune responses and resistance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus against Vibrio splendidus infection

IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES
Hong Fan , Yina Shao , Xuelei Wang , Kaiyu Chen , Si Zhu , Chenghua Li
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Abstract

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for optimal growth and health in various aquatic animals; however, its effects on the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus remain unclear. This study investigated the impacts of dietary DHA on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance of A. japonicus. Sea cucumbers were fed diets containing 0.3 % (control diet), 0.6 %, and 1.2 % DHA for 60 days. Following the feeding trial, A. japonicus were challenged with Vibrio splendidus to evaluate disease resistance. Growth performance significantly improved in individuals fed 0.6 % and 1.2 % DHA. Tissue contents of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid in the body wall of A. japonicus significantly elevated with the increasing levels of DHA in the diets. Moderate DHA supplementation enhanced the activities of immune and antioxidant enzymes. Survival rates were also higher in the 0.6 % and 1.2 % DHA groups following V. splendidus challenge. In vitro experiments further explored the mechanism underlying DHA-mediated protection against V. splendidus infection. Coelomocytes pretreated with DHA exhibited significantly enhanced phagocytic activity against V. splendidus, accompanied by marked upregulation of phagocytosis-related genes at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, DHA promoted the intracellular clearance of endocytosed V. splendidus primarily via lysosome-dependent degradation pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that moderate DHA supplementation (0.6 %–1.2 %) enhances innate immunity and confers protection against V. splendidus infection in A. japonicus, in part by promoting phagocytosis and subsequent lysosomal elimination of pathogen in coelomocytes.
饲料中添加二十二碳六烯酸对刺参生长、免疫应答及对脾弧菌抗性的影响
膳食二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对各种水生动物的最佳生长和健康至关重要;但其对刺参的影响尚不清楚。本研究探讨了饲料中DHA对日本刺参生长性能、先天免疫和抗病能力的影响。分别饲喂DHA含量为0.3%(对照饲料)、0.6%和1.2%的饲料,饲喂60 d。饲喂试验结束后,用脾弧菌攻毒日本刺参,评价其抗病能力。饲喂0.6%和1.2% DHA的个体生长性能显著提高。随着饲料中DHA含量的增加,刺参体壁组织中DHA和二十碳五烯酸的含量显著升高。适量补充DHA可增强免疫和抗氧化酶的活性。0.6%和1.2% DHA组在攻毒后存活率也较高。体外实验进一步探讨了dha介导的抗脾弧菌感染的机制。经DHA预处理的体腔细胞对脾弧菌的吞噬活性显著增强,吞噬相关基因mRNA和蛋白水平均显著上调。此外,DHA主要通过溶酶体依赖的降解途径促进内吞的脾弧菌在细胞内的清除。总的来说,这些发现表明,适量补充DHA(0.6%-1.2%)可以增强日本刺参的先天免疫,并对刺参的脾弧菌感染有保护作用,部分原因是DHA可以促进虫眼细胞的吞噬和随后的溶酶体清除病原体。
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来源期刊
Fish & shellfish immunology
Fish & shellfish immunology 农林科学-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
19.10%
发文量
750
审稿时长
68 days
期刊介绍: Fish and Shellfish Immunology rapidly publishes high-quality, peer-refereed contributions in the expanding fields of fish and shellfish immunology. It presents studies on the basic mechanisms of both the specific and non-specific defense systems, the cells, tissues, and humoral factors involved, their dependence on environmental and intrinsic factors, response to pathogens, response to vaccination, and applied studies on the development of specific vaccines for use in the aquaculture industry.
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