Zaiem Zarkasi, Rajshekhar N Mudaliar, Waseem A Majeed, Akheel A Syed
{"title":"Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: Current Insights and Future Directions.","authors":"Zaiem Zarkasi, Rajshekhar N Mudaliar, Waseem A Majeed, Akheel A Syed","doi":"10.12968/hmed.2025.0127","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity and metabolic syndrome are global health challenges, significantly increasing risks for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and overall mortality. This narrative review aims to discuss the relationship between obesity and metabolic syndrome; the past, present and future of anti-obesity medications including new advances in incretin-based therapies which have enabled patients to achieve significant weight loss and improvement in metabolic parameters; and the role of metabolic/bariatric surgery which remains the most effective durable treatment for severe obesity, with high remission rates of metabolic comorbidities like type 2 diabetes. Multimodal approaches involving the combination of lifestyle, medical and surgical advances will revolutionise our approach to treating obesity and metabolic syndrome in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"86 9","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"British journal of hospital medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2025.0127","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/9/5 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are global health challenges, significantly increasing risks for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and overall mortality. This narrative review aims to discuss the relationship between obesity and metabolic syndrome; the past, present and future of anti-obesity medications including new advances in incretin-based therapies which have enabled patients to achieve significant weight loss and improvement in metabolic parameters; and the role of metabolic/bariatric surgery which remains the most effective durable treatment for severe obesity, with high remission rates of metabolic comorbidities like type 2 diabetes. Multimodal approaches involving the combination of lifestyle, medical and surgical advances will revolutionise our approach to treating obesity and metabolic syndrome in the future.
期刊介绍:
British Journal of Hospital Medicine was established in 1966, and is still true to its origins: a monthly, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary review journal for hospital doctors and doctors in training.
The journal publishes an authoritative mix of clinical reviews, education and training updates, quality improvement projects and case reports, and book reviews from recognized leaders in the profession. The Core Training for Doctors section provides clinical information in an easily accessible format for doctors in training.
British Journal of Hospital Medicine is an invaluable resource for hospital doctors at all stages of their career.
The journal is indexed on Medline, CINAHL, the Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica and Scopus.