Greek Protected Designation of Origin Xinomavro Wines: A Deep Dive into Their Chemical Composition and Geographical Origin by Using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry–Quadrupole Time of Flight–Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Xinomavro wine is one of the most renowned Greek varieties, primarily produced in Northern Greece. The Amynteo and Naoussa regions are included in the protected designation of origin (PDO) zones where differences in terroir are evident. These differences occur due to several factors, such as soil conditions of the cultivated vineyards, temperature, altitude, and climatic variations. Herein, 22 Xinomavro wines from Amynteo and Naoussa, produced with an identical vinification procedure are analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography–trapped ion mobility spectrometry–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–TIMS–QTOF–MS) with reverse phase chromatography and negative ionization mode. The aim is to evaluate the impact of the geographical origin on their phenolic profile. Both target and non-target screening workflows are employed, leading to the identification and quantification of 26 phenolic compounds and the determination of 25 geographical origin biomarkers. Compounds like catechin and hydroxytyrosol are more abundant in samples from Naoussa while Amynteo is characterized by increased concentration of resveratrol and polydatin. All samples are correctly classified based on their geographical origin, achieving satisfactory, Q² = 0.915 and R² = 0.923, prediction ability results, developing a partial least-squares discriminant analysis model.