Long-Term Observation of Orbital Development in Patients With Retinoblastoma Following Unilateral Enucleation

IF 3.1 2区医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY

Cancer Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI:10.1002/cam4.71282

Nan Wang, Feng Ke, Jing Li, Tingting Ren, Rui Liu, Fuxiao Luan, Liangyuan Xu, Jianmin Ma

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Abstract

Background

This study aims to investigate bilateral orbital development differences and influencing factors in retinoblastoma patients undergoing unilateral enucleation.

Methods

A retrospective comparative analysis was performed on patients from Beijing Tongren Hospital (January 2011–December 2020). Preoperative and 3 months, 1 year, 3 years postoperative, and the final follow-up imaging data were collected, with bilateral orbital volumes reconstructed using ITK-SNAP software.

Results

Thirty-nine patients were followed for an average of 7.7 ± 2.45 years. Average orbital volumes (mm³) for the surgical and nonsurgical sides before surgery were 14,323.81 ± 4596.60 and 14,457.93 ± 4732.26 (p = 0.330). Postoperative volumes at 3 months were 16,481.84 ± 4034.21 and 16,866.45 ± 3999.71 (p = 0.007). At 12 months, volumes were 16,798.16 ± 3323.33 and 18,119.16 ± 3840.27 (p = 0.000). At 36 months, volumes were 18,758.26 ± 2917.35 and 19,973.55 ± 3189.83 (p = 0.000). The last follow-up volumes were 20,523.78 ± 3221.20 and 21,576.78 ± 3381.96 (p = 0.000). Bilateral volume differences were 2.28%, 7.29%, 6.08%, and 4.88% at 3 months, 12 months, 36 months after operation, and final follow-up. The growth trajectory on the surgical side demonstrated growth restrictions, accompanied by a shift in the growth peak. Factors affecting development included the age at the time of operation and the type of orbital implants.

Conclusions

Volumetric analysis revealed active orbital development between 3 and 12 months post-enucleation, followed by a significant plateau phase. The final orbital volume deficit in the surgical orbit stabilized at approximately 5% compared to the non-operated orbit. Hydrogel implants demonstrated a trade-off: potentially reduced volume deficit but higher complication risks.

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单侧视网膜母细胞瘤术后眼眶发育的长期观察

本研究旨在探讨视网膜母细胞瘤患者单侧眼球摘除术后双侧眼眶发育差异及其影响因素。方法对2011年1月- 2020年12月北京同仁医院住院患者进行回顾性比较分析。收集术前、术后3个月、1年、3年及最终随访的影像学资料，利用ITK-SNAP软件重建双侧眼眶体积。结果39例患者随访时间平均为7.7±2.45年。术前手术侧和非手术侧眼眶平均体积（mm3）分别为14323.81±4596.60和14457.93±4732.26 （p = 0.330）。术后3个月体积分别为16481.84±4034.21和16866.45±3999.71 （p = 0.007）。12个月时，体积分别为16,798.16±3323.33和18,119.16±3840.27 （p = 0.000）。36个月时分别为18,758.26±2917.35和19,973.55±3189.83 （p = 0.000）。末次随访量分别为20,523.78±3221.20和21,576.78±3381.96 （p = 0.000）。术后3个月、12个月、36个月及最后随访时双侧容积差分别为2.28%、7.29%、6.08%、4.88%。手术侧的生长轨迹显示出生长受限，并伴有生长高峰的移位。影响发育的因素包括手术时的年龄和眼眶植入物的类型。结论体积分析显示眼眶在去核后3 - 12个月间发育活跃，随后是一个明显的平台期。与未手术眶相比，手术眶的最终眶体积缺损稳定在约5%。水凝胶植入物证明了一种权衡：潜在地减少了体积缺陷，但增加了并发症的风险。

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来源期刊

Cancer Medicine ONCOLOGY-

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

2.50%

发文量

907

审稿时长

19 weeks

期刊介绍： Cancer Medicine is a peer-reviewed, open access, interdisciplinary journal providing rapid publication of research from global biomedical researchers across the cancer sciences. The journal will consider submissions from all oncologic specialties, including, but not limited to, the following areas: Clinical Cancer Research Translational research ∙ clinical trials ∙ chemotherapy ∙ radiation therapy ∙ surgical therapy ∙ clinical observations ∙ clinical guidelines ∙ genetic consultation ∙ ethical considerations Cancer Biology: Molecular biology ∙ cellular biology ∙ molecular genetics ∙ genomics ∙ immunology ∙ epigenetics ∙ metabolic studies ∙ proteomics ∙ cytopathology ∙ carcinogenesis ∙ drug discovery and delivery. Cancer Prevention: Behavioral science ∙ psychosocial studies ∙ screening ∙ nutrition ∙ epidemiology and prevention ∙ community outreach. Bioinformatics: Gene expressions profiles ∙ gene regulation networks ∙ genome bioinformatics ∙ pathwayanalysis ∙ prognostic biomarkers. Cancer Medicine publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and research methods papers, along with invited editorials and commentaries. Original research papers must report well-conducted research with conclusions supported by the data presented in the paper.