Lab-on-fiber: A novel high-sensitivity mach-zehnder interferometer with dual-sensing cavity in hollow-core fiber for simultaneous measurement of seawater temperature and salinity

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI:10.1016/j.snb.2025.138830

Ruijie Liu , Yong Zhao , Zheng Zhou , Ran Gao , Riqing Lv , Yuxi Ma

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Abstract

Optical fiber multi-parameter sensors have been attracting much attention in the recent past. However, problems such as low sensitivity, large size, and cross-sensitivity among multiple parameters have been restricting their development. Herein, a novel dual-sensing cavity Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on hollow core fiber (HCF) is proposed for seawater temperature and salinity. To enable free seawater flow in and out, a microchannel is engraved on the air cavity of an HCF via a femtosecond laser, which is spliced between two single-mode fibers (SMFs). A D-type microcavity is machined on the cladding of the HCF and filled with temperature-sensitive material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The combination of symmetrical waveguides and PDMS makes a compact, high-sensitivity temperature sensing path. The PDMS also enlarges the difference in sensitivity between temperature and salinity. The proposed interferometer is fabricated by a femtosecond laser to form a lab only on a single short section of fiber. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed structure exhibits high sensitivities of 2.73 nm/‰ from 0 ‰ to 40 ‰, and −5.36 nm/°C for temperature ranges between 5 °C and 45 °C. Then, a three-dimensional wavelength-temperature-salinity coordinate model is established to characterize the nonlinear interdependence between these parameters. This work lays a foundation for the subsequent mitigation of the cross-sensitivity issue inherent in dual-parameter sensing.

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光纤实验室：一种新型的高灵敏度马赫曾德尔干涉仪，该干涉仪采用空心光纤双传感腔，可同时测量海水温度和盐度

近年来，光纤多参数传感器受到了广泛的关注。但灵敏度低、尺寸大、多参数间交叉敏感等问题一直制约着其发展。本文提出了一种新型的基于空心芯光纤（HCF）的双传感腔马赫-曾德尔干涉仪（MZI），用于测量海水温度和盐度。为了使海水自由进出，通过飞秒激光在HCF的空腔上雕刻一个微通道，该微通道被拼接在两根单模光纤（smf）之间。在HCF的包层上加工一个d型微腔，并用温度敏感材料聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）填充。对称波导和PDMS的组合构成了紧凑、高灵敏度的温度传感路径。PDMS还扩大了温度和盐度之间的敏感性差异。所提出的干涉仪是由飞秒激光制造的，仅在一段短光纤上形成一个实验室。实验结果表明，该结构在0 ‰~ 40 ‰范围内的灵敏度为2.73 nm/‰，在5℃~ 45℃范围内的灵敏度为- 5.36 nm/℃。然后，建立了三维波长-温度-盐度坐标模型来表征这些参数之间的非线性相互关系。这项工作为后续缓解双参数传感固有的交叉灵敏度问题奠定了基础。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 工程技术-电化学

CiteScore

14.60

自引率

11.90%

发文量

1776

审稿时长

3.2 months

期刊介绍： Sensors & Actuators, B: Chemical is an international journal focused on the research and development of chemical transducers. It covers chemical sensors and biosensors, chemical actuators, and analytical microsystems. The journal is interdisciplinary, aiming to publish original works showcasing substantial advancements beyond the current state of the art in these fields, with practical applicability to solving meaningful analytical problems. Review articles are accepted by invitation from an Editor of the journal.