A narrative review of Catamenial dermatology: A glimpse into the menstrual symphony.

Abstract

The menstrual cycle induces a wide range of physiological changes in the skin and its appendages, often overlooked in dermatologic practice. Catamenial dermatoses, influenced by hormonal fluctuations, present with cyclical skin manifestations. This review explores the underrecognized intersection between menstruation and dermatology, highlighting changes across menstrual phases such as variations in hydration, lipid levels, pigmentation, hair and nail growth, and sweat gland activity. Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis and estrogen dermatitis are key examples of hormone-induced skin responses. These conditions have complex pathogenesis, variable clinical features, and present diagnostic challenges. Treatment options include hormonal suppression and newer therapies such as omalizumab. The review also examines the link between menstruation and increased susceptibility to infections, as well as the flare of preexisting dermatoses. Conditions such as acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis may worsen in relation to hormonal shifts. Understanding the cyclical responses of skin to endogenous hormones can help clinicians better identify and manage hormone-responsive dermatoses, ultimately improving diagnosis and patient care.