Prevalence and Risk Factors of Overactive Bladder Among Military Healthcare Workers in an Academic Hospital in Thailand: Implications for Workplace Productivity.

Abstract

Introduction: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common clinical syndrome known to significantly impact individuals' quality of life and work productivity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of OAB among military healthcare workers in an academic hospital in Thailand, with a focus on its effects on workplace productivity.

Materials and method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among military healthcare workers undergoing annual health checks in 2023. The diagnosis of OAB was made using the validated Thai version of the Overactive Bladder Symptoms Score (OABSS-T). Participants with abnormal urine analysis results (RBC ≥ 3/hpf and/or WBC ≥ 3/hpf) were excluded. Data on demographics, symptoms, and relevant risk factors were collected via self-report questionnaires.

Results: Among 923 participants, the overall prevalence of OAB was 15.8%, with no significant difference between sexes. OAB-dry and OAB-wet were identified as 7.1% and 8.7% of participants, respectively. Participants with OAB reported significantly higher bladder discomfort scores than those without OAB (mean score: 2.44 ± 1.18 vs. 1.29 ± 0.61; p < 0.001). After adjusting for multiple risk factors, OAB was associated with a significant reduction in work hours, with affected individuals working an average of 4.20 fewer hours per week (p = 0.037). Multivariable analysis identified several risk factors, including a BMI ≥ 25, lower education, sedentary work, limited restroom access, a history of UTIs, and smoking. Conversely, caffeine consumption is associated with a lower likelihood of OAB, likely due to avoidance by symptomatic individuals.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a moderate prevalence of OAB among Thai military healthcare workers and reveals its potential negative impact on workplace productivity. Identifying modifiable risk factors presents opportunities for targeted interventions to reduce symptom burden and support occupational well-being in this workforce.