Global Environmental Factors Impact the Evolution of Adult Hemoglobins in Squamata Reptiles (Lizards and Snakes) and Terrestrial Turtles.

IF 2.8 2区 生物学 Q2 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Juan D Carvajal-Castro, Genrietta Yagudayeva, Randy Ortiz, Juan C Santos
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Abstract

Convergent evolution of oxygen transport mechanisms arises from respiratory proteins adapting to similar environmental pressures. We examined this relationship between adult hemoglobin subunits (Hbs: HBA1, HBAD, HBB1, and HBB2) found in land reptiles (lizards, snakes, and turtles) with their global distribution variables: Altitude, latitude, ambient temperature, and biomass production. We found that biomass was positively associated with the synonymous substitution rate (dS) of HBAD, while it showed the opposite trend for HBB2 in snakes. Additionally, latitude was negatively related to the dS of HBB2 in snakes, but nonsignificant with other Hbs. Altitude was negatively associated with ω = dN/dS of HBA1 and HBAD, whereas temperature showed a similar negative trend with the ω of HBAD across reptiles and in HBB2 of snakes. At amino acid sites, we found most were conserved except for 11 (two near the heme-binding pocket) across Hbs. These fast-changing sites shifted from polar to nonpolar residues, showing a pattern seen in high-altitude mammals. Our results highlight that in reptiles (i) Hbs are diversifying at individual amino acid sites while generally some subunits exhibiting lower ω rates at higher altitudes and hotter temperatures, with the later and higher biomass ecosystems also linked to increases in dS; (ii) HBBs are the most conserved of the Hbs; (iii) latitudinal gradients only show a significant association with the dS of HBB2 in snakes; and (iv) gene conversion events occurred across HBBs in reptiles, which confound their homology assignation, except for snakes that evidenced a single major duplication in their HBBs.

全球环境因素影响鳞片爬行动物(蜥蜴和蛇)和陆生海龟成年血红蛋白的进化。
氧运输机制的趋同进化源于呼吸蛋白适应相似的环境压力。我们研究了在陆地爬行动物(蜥蜴、蛇和海龟)中发现的成年血红蛋白亚基(Hbs: HBA1、HBAD、HBB1和HBB2)与它们的全球分布变量(海拔、纬度、环境温度和生物量)之间的关系。结果表明,生物量与HBAD的同义取代率(dS)呈正相关,而与HBB2的同义取代率(dS)相反。此外,纬度与蛇类HBB2的dS呈负相关,但与其他Hbs无显著关系。海拔与HBA1和HBAD的ω = dN/dS呈负相关,而温度与爬行动物和蛇类的HBB2的ω呈负相关。在氨基酸位点上,我们发现除了11个(2个靠近血红素结合袋)外,大多数都是保守的。这些快速变化的位点从极性残基转移到非极性残基,显示出在高海拔哺乳动物中看到的模式。结果表明:(1)在爬行动物中,Hbs在单个氨基酸位点上呈现多样化,而某些亚基在高海拔和高温度下表现出较低的ω率,并且后期和高生物量生态系统也与dS的增加有关;(2) HBBs是最保守的Hbs;(3)纬度梯度只与蛇类HBB2的dS有显著相关;(4)爬行动物的HBBs中发生了基因转换事件,这混淆了它们的同源性定位,除了蛇的HBBs中有一个主要的重复。
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来源期刊
Genome Biology and Evolution
Genome Biology and Evolution EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY-GENETICS & HEREDITY
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
6.10%
发文量
169
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: About the journal Genome Biology and Evolution (GBE) publishes leading original research at the interface between evolutionary biology and genomics. Papers considered for publication report novel evolutionary findings that concern natural genome diversity, population genomics, the structure, function, organisation and expression of genomes, comparative genomics, proteomics, and environmental genomic interactions. Major evolutionary insights from the fields of computational biology, structural biology, developmental biology, and cell biology are also considered, as are theoretical advances in the field of genome evolution. GBE’s scope embraces genome-wide evolutionary investigations at all taxonomic levels and for all forms of life — within populations or across domains. Its aims are to further the understanding of genomes in their evolutionary context and further the understanding of evolution from a genome-wide perspective.
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