Ozone therapy and the role of the glutathione pathway.

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Inflammopharmacology Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI:10.1007/s10787-025-01953-1

Salvatore Chirumbolo, Marianno Franzini, Umberto Tirelli, Luigi Valdenassi

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Oxygen-ozone therapy (OOT) represents a multi-target intervention that engages redox modulation, endothelial repair, nitric oxide bioavailability, and immune reprogramming. In contrast, intravenous glutathione (IV-GSH) provides only transient antioxidant support without activating upstream adaptive pathways. Using an ODE-based mechanistic model, we evaluated the contribution of the GSH/GSSG system against other ozone-activated networks. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that GSH/GSSG accounts for only a minor fraction of the therapeutic benefit (< 10% in adults, ~ 2% in elderly), while endothelial/NO and Nrf2-driven adaptive responses dominate. Forecasted recovery trajectories over six months showed ozone rapidly drives near-complete recovery, whereas IV-GSH plateaus at negligible improvements. These results highlight that OOT is not a simple antioxidant therapy but a systemic bioregulatory treatment, particularly effective in immune, inflammatory, nociceptive, and degenerative disorders. Glutathione plays a supportive role but cannot substitute ozone's multi-pathway efficacy.

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臭氧疗法和谷胱甘肽途径的作用。

氧臭氧治疗（OOT）是一种多靶点干预，涉及氧化还原调节、内皮修复、一氧化氮生物利用度和免疫重编程。相比之下，静脉注射谷胱甘肽（IV-GSH）只提供短暂的抗氧化支持，而不激活上游适应途径。利用基于ode的机制模型，我们评估了GSH/GSSG系统对其他臭氧激活网络的贡献。敏感性分析表明，GSH/GSSG仅占治疗益处的一小部分(

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Inflammopharmacology IMMUNOLOGYTOXICOLOGY-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

3.40%

发文量

200

期刊介绍： Inflammopharmacology is the official publication of the Gastrointestinal Section of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the Hungarian Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Society (HECPS). Inflammopharmacology publishes papers on all aspects of inflammation and its pharmacological control emphasizing comparisons of (a) different inflammatory states, and (b) the actions, therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs employed in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The comparative aspects of the types of inflammatory conditions include gastrointestinal disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn''s disease), parasitic diseases, toxicological manifestations of the effects of drugs and environmental agents, arthritic conditions, and inflammatory effects of injury or aging on skeletal muscle. The journal has seven main interest areas: -Drug-Disease Interactions - Conditional Pharmacology - i.e. where the condition (disease or stress state) influences the therapeutic response and side (adverse) effects from anti-inflammatory drugs. Mechanisms of drug-disease and drug disease interactions and the role of different stress states -Rheumatology - particular emphasis on methods of measurement of clinical response effects of new agents, adverse effects from anti-rheumatic drugs -Gastroenterology - with particular emphasis on animal and human models, mechanisms of mucosal inflammation and ulceration and effects of novel and established anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory agents, or antiparasitic agents -Neuro-Inflammation and Pain - model systems, pharmacology of new analgesic agents and mechanisms of neuro-inflammation and pain -Novel drugs, natural products and nutraceuticals - and their effects on inflammatory processes, especially where there are indications of novel modes action compared with conventional drugs e.g. NSAIDs -Muscle-immune interactions during inflammation [...]