Zn–Bi–Sn ternary alloy builds a three-dimensional skeleton to realize high-performance zinc–air batteries

IF 3.9 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Y. Wang, D. Y. Meng, L. L. Sun, Y. C. Li
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Abstract

Zinc–air batteries are renowned for their high specific energy density and cost-effectiveness, offering a promising solution to environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil fuels. However, the performance of these batteries is often compromised by the formation of zinc dendrites during the anode dissolution process, which leads to reduced capacity and diminished cycling stability. To address these issues, this study introduces a novel Zn–Bi–Sn alloy anode, fabricated using a melting technique, designed to enhance both the discharge capacity retention and the cycling stability of zinc–air batteries. The experimental results reveal that during the discharge process, the surface of the fabricated anode evolves into a three-dimensional skeleton structure. This transformation promotes the unobstructed release of zinc and significantly improves the discharge capacity retention and cycling stability of the batteries. The optimized Zn–Bi3–Sn2 alloy anode demonstrates superior performance, achieving a lower potential difference of 0.9 V, a higher specific capacity density of 756 mAh g−1, and an extended cycle life of over 1100 cycles after 550 h of operation at a current density of 5 mA cm−2, compared to pure zinc anodes. This study proposes a straightforward and cost-effective method for stabilizing zinc anodes, demonstrating significant potential for the development of high-performance, zinc-based rechargeable batteries.

Graphical abstract

锌铋锡三元合金构建三维骨架,实现高性能锌空气电池
锌空气电池以其高比能量密度和成本效益而闻名,为解决环境污染和化石燃料枯竭提供了一个有希望的解决方案。然而,这些电池的性能经常受到阳极溶解过程中锌枝晶形成的影响,从而导致容量降低和循环稳定性降低。为了解决这些问题,本研究介绍了一种新型的锌-铋-锡合金阳极,采用熔化技术制造,旨在提高锌空气电池的放电容量保持和循环稳定性。实验结果表明,在放电过程中,制备的阳极表面形成三维骨架结构。这种转变促进了锌的畅通释放,显著提高了电池的放电容量保持率和循环稳定性。与纯锌阳极相比,优化后的Zn-Bi3-Sn2合金阳极性能优异,电位差低至0.9 V,比容量密度高达756 mAh g−1,在5 mA cm−2电流密度下运行550 h后循环寿命超过1100次。这项研究提出了一种稳定锌阳极的简单而经济的方法,为高性能锌基可充电电池的发展展示了巨大的潜力。图形抽象
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来源期刊
Journal of Materials Science
Journal of Materials Science 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
4.40%
发文量
1297
审稿时长
2.4 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Materials Science publishes reviews, full-length papers, and short Communications recording original research results on, or techniques for studying the relationship between structure, properties, and uses of materials. The subjects are seen from international and interdisciplinary perspectives covering areas including metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, electrical materials, composite materials, fibers, nanostructured materials, nanocomposites, and biological and biomedical materials. The Journal of Materials Science is now firmly established as the leading source of primary communication for scientists investigating the structure and properties of all engineering materials.
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