Regional Disparities in Returnee Support, Stigmatisation and Reintegration in Nigeria

Abstract

The study aimed to spatially analyse returnee support sources, stigmatisation and reintegration in Nigeria. Data were collected between March 2022 and May 2023 using a mixed-method approach, including surveys with 444 returnees from two towns in each of Nigeria's six geopolitical zones as well as in-depth interviews with 18 returnees and 13 stakeholders. Findings show that about two-thirds planned to re-migrate, primarily due to stigma. Discrimination and negative stereotypes hinder reintegration, while support from family and friends helps reduce stigmatisation. Regional disparities reveal the North-West and South-South have the most effective AVR implementation, while the South-West faces greater challenges. The South-East reports the highest stigmatisation level, followed distantly by the South-West, while the North-Central and South-West have the lowest reintegration rates. The study recommends targeted, culturally sensitive policies to reduce stigma and promote acceptance, stressing the need for long-term integration strategies in host countries over continued investment in ineffective Assisted Voluntary Return (AVR) programmes.