Sociodemographic traits as early indicators of AD, FTD, and VaD up to 10 years before diagnosis

IF 11.1 1区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Alzheimer's & Dementia Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI:10.1002/alz.70616

Ave Kivisild, Iina Rinnankoski, Mikko Aaltonen, Kalle Aho, Sami Heikkinen, Adolfina Lehtonen, Laura Leppänen, Helmi Soppela, Laura Tervonen, Kaijus Ervasti, Päivi Hartikainen, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Kasper Katisko, Johanna Krüger, Eino Solje

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

We aimed to investigate early differences in sociodemographic factors before the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mixed dementia (AD + VaD).

METHODS

Lifetime sociodemographic factors were collected from Statistics Finland for 1238 AD, 274 FTD, 343 VaD, and 402 AD + VaD patients with a diagnosis and visit at Kuopio and Oulu University Hospitals between January 2010 and December 2021. Comparisons were performed between dementia groups and matched controls.

RESULTS

All patient groups showed decreased employment status compared to controls already 10 years prior to diagnosis. In particular, individuals with early-onset FTD (EOFTD; 66.9% vs. 77.6%, p < 0.01) and early-onset VaD (EOVaD; 49.0% vs. 76.5%, p < 0.001) had significantly lower employment rates than controls. Similarly, 10 years prior to diagnosis the proportion of married individuals was lower in the VaD (60.1% vs. 65.2%, p < 0.05) and EOVaD (50.0% vs. 61.6%, p < 0.05) groups versus controls, while single status was more common in early-onset AD (EOAD; 23.2% vs. 17.0%, p < 0.01) versus controls. Patients with VaD and AD + VaD had lower levels of education than controls: basic education only in 51.9% of VaD (vs. 45.0%, p < 0.05) and 65.7% of AD + VaD (vs. 60.2%, p < 0.05).

DISCUSSION

Our findings may aid in the early recognition or potential risk factor evaluation for different types of dementia. Screening cognitive symptoms in individuals with unexplained long-term unemployment may help detect prodromal dementia.

Highlights

Employment rates were already reduced 10 years before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia.
The association between education level and dementia risk appears to be subtype specific.
Lower employment may serve as an early “social marker” of subtle cognitive decline.
Social markers could help inform models predicting progression to cognitive impairment.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

社会人口学特征作为AD， FTD和VaD的早期指标，可在诊断前10年

我们的目的是调查阿尔茨海默病（AD）、额颞叶痴呆（FTD）、血管性痴呆（VaD）和混合性痴呆（AD + VaD）发病前社会人口统计学因素的早期差异。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Alzheimer's & Dementia 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

14.50

自引率

5.00%

发文量

299

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Alzheimer's & Dementia is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to bridge knowledge gaps in dementia research by covering the entire spectrum, from basic science to clinical trials to social and behavioral investigations. It provides a platform for rapid communication of new findings and ideas, optimal translation of research into practical applications, increasing knowledge across diverse disciplines for early detection, diagnosis, and intervention, and identifying promising new research directions. In July 2008, Alzheimer's & Dementia was accepted for indexing by MEDLINE, recognizing its scientific merit and contribution to Alzheimer's research.