In Defense of Type I Functional Responses: The Frequency and Population Dynamic Effects of Feeding on Multiple Prey at a Time.

IF 2.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-19 DOI:10.1086/737023
Mark Novak, Kyle E Coblentz, John P DeLong
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

AbstractEcologists differ in the degree to which they consider the linear type I functional response to be an unrealistic versus sufficient representation of predator feeding rates. Empiricists tend to consider it unsuitably nonmechanistic, and theoreticians tend to consider it necessarily simple. Holling's original rectilinear type I response is dismissed by satisfying neither desire, with most compromising on the smoothly saturating type II response for which searching and handling are assumed to be mutually exclusive activities. We derive a "multiple-prey-at-a-time" response and a generalization that includes the type III to reflect predators that can continue to search when handling an arbitrary number of already-captured prey. The multiprey model clarifies the empirical relevance of the linear and rectilinear models and the conditions under which linearity can be a mechanistically reasoned description of predator feeding rates, even when handling times are long. We find evidence for the presence of linearity in 35% of 2,591 compiled empirical datasets and support for the hypothesis that larger predator-prey body mass ratios permit predators to search while handling greater numbers of prey. Incorporating the multiprey response into the Rosenzweig-MacArthur population dynamic model reveals that a nonexclusivity of searching and handling can lead to coexistence states and dynamics that are not anticipated by theory built on the linear type I, type II, and type III models. In particular, it can lead to bistable fixed point and limit cycle dynamics with long-term crawl-by transients between them under conditions where abundance ratios reflect top-heavy food webs and the functional response is linear despite having an inherent upper limit. We conclude that functional response linearity should not be considered empirically unrealistic but also that more cautious inferences should be drawn in theory presuming the linear type I to be appropriate.

保护I型功能反应:一次进食多个猎物的频率和种群动态效应。
生物学家认为线性I型功能反应是不现实的,而不是捕食者摄食率的充分代表。经验主义者倾向于认为它是非机械的,而理论家倾向于认为它必然是简单的。Holling最初的直线型I响应由于两个愿望都不满足而被驳回,在平滑饱和的型II响应上做出了最大的妥协,其中搜索和处理被认为是相互排斥的活动。我们得出了一个“一次捕获多个猎物”的反应和一个概括,其中包括第三类反应,反映了捕食者在处理任意数量的已经捕获的猎物时可以继续搜索。多猎物模型阐明了线性和线性模型的经验相关性,以及线性可以成为捕食者摄食率的机械合理描述的条件,即使处理时间很长。我们在汇编的2591个经验数据集中发现了35%的线性存在的证据,并支持了一个假设,即较大的捕食者-猎物身体质量比允许捕食者在处理更多猎物时进行搜索。将多猎物响应纳入Rosenzweig-MacArthur种群动态模型表明,搜索和处理的非排他性可能导致基于线性I型、II型和III型模型的理论无法预测的共存状态和动态。特别是,在丰度比反映头重脚轻的食物网和尽管具有固有上限但功能响应是线性的条件下,它可以导致双稳态固定点和极限环动态,它们之间具有长期的爬行瞬态。我们得出的结论是,功能响应线性不应该被认为是经验上不现实的,但也应该在理论上得出更谨慎的推论,假设线性I型是合适的。
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来源期刊
American Naturalist
American Naturalist 环境科学-进化生物学
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.40%
发文量
194
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Since its inception in 1867, The American Naturalist has maintained its position as one of the world''s premier peer-reviewed publications in ecology, evolution, and behavior research. Its goals are to publish articles that are of broad interest to the readership, pose new and significant problems, introduce novel subjects, develop conceptual unification, and change the way people think. AmNat emphasizes sophisticated methodologies and innovative theoretical syntheses—all in an effort to advance the knowledge of organic evolution and other broad biological principles.
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