Revitalizing democracy through cybernetics and systems science: Principles and applications for effective governance

Abstract

This paper argues that the erosion of democratic governance is partly due to the neglect or violation of foundational principles from systems science and cybernetics. Concepts such as purpose, feedback, emergence, entropy, self-organization, adaptation, and learning are essential for governing complex (societal) systems but are often overlooked in institutional practice. Drawing on theory and international case studies, the authors show how these principles can inform more resilient, participatory, and adaptive approaches to governance. By applying these principles, this study contributes to anticipatory governance models that can inform more democratic, resilient, and participatory futures. The paper outlines recurring patterns of systemic failure and offers practical reflections for policymakers and institutional designers. It also calls on systems scientists and cyberneticians to engage more directly in educating and supporting those tasked with governing socio-technical systems. In doing so, it reframes systems-cybernetics not as abstract theory but as a necessary foundation for restoring legitimacy, adaptability, and integrity to democratic institutions.