Propagation characteristics and multi-particle trapping of Gaussian beams double-modulated by sine-cosine power-exponent-phase vortices

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a novel class of noncanonical optical vortices, termed sine-cosine power vortices (SCPVs), which linear combine sinusoidal and cosine power-exponent-phase vortices. By superimposing these engineered vortices onto conventional Gaussian beams, we conduct comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigations on the propagation dynamics of dual-phase-modulated beams. The effects of different beam parameters on the morphological transformations of beam intensity profile structure are explored systematically, and the self-healing capability of these structured beams is also revealed through rigorous analysis of the Poynting energy flux distribution and validated via dynamic reconstruction experiments under partial beam obstruction, demonstrating their resilience against perturbations during propagation. In addition, in the context of particle trapping, these specially modulated Gaussian beams can generate unique optical trap structures, enabling precise capture and control of multiple microparticles, which has been verified using holographic optical tweezers experiments. Our research work opens new avenues for the directional or structured optical self-assembly of multiple particles.