Cellulosic cigarette papers: A review of the composition, combustion behavior, and impact on toxicant release in smoke

Abstract

Cigarette paper is a key functional component in tobacco products, impacting combustion and harmful emissions. This review comprehensively evaluates how the key structural characteristics of cigarette paper, including fiber type, filler properties (such as the size and shape of calcium carbonate particles), and chemical additives, affect permeability, thermal decomposition pathways, and combustion efficiency. It also highlights the strong correlation between pore size distribution and gas diffusion capacity (correlation coefficient > 0.9). Around 300 °C, pyrolysis intensifies, forming volatile compounds and char. Chemical additives like potassium citrate can reduce tar release by ∼30 %. Advanced techniques (HPLC, GC/MS, TG-FTIR, and electronic nose technology) enable precise detection of harmful smoke components. Future research focuses on developing new biodegradable materials and additives to reduce harmful emissions while maintaining sensory quality. This review provides a basis for designing reduced-risk cigarettes, aiming to enhance product quality, promote industry sustainability, and safeguard consumer health.