Leptin and melanocortin signalling in the response to infection.

IF 40 1区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Roger R Fan,John D Beckham,Kartik N Rajagopalan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The response to infection is an energy-demanding process that bolsters cell division and protein synthesis to overcome a rapidly dividing and invasive pathogen. Paradoxically, anorexia, a conserved behavioural response to infection, sharply limits food intake during this period of high energy demand. Leptin, the release of which from adipocytes is coordinated with the immune response, signals to the hypothalamus to balance energy availability and expenditure with respect to various physiological processes. Congenital deficiency of leptin or its receptor in humans predisposes to infection. Moreover, low serum levels of leptin are associated with poor outcomes in sepsis. Leptin activates pro-opiomelanocortin neurons, which produce melanocortins, a family of peptide hormones that has diverse roles. The melanocortins have targets in many organ systems and their functions include suppressing inflammation and upregulating sympathetic tone. Here, we discuss what is known about leptin and melanocortin signalling in the response to infection, with evidence from preclinical research and human studies. We close by offering insights into how study of these pathways might be translated into therapies for infectious disease as well as new avenues for exploration.
瘦素和黑素皮质素在感染反应中的信号。
对感染的反应是一个需要能量的过程,它促进细胞分裂和蛋白质合成,以克服快速分裂和侵入性病原体。矛盾的是,厌食症是一种对感染的保守行为反应,在这个能量需求旺盛的时期,它会严重限制食物摄入。脂肪细胞释放的瘦素与免疫反应协调,向下丘脑发出信号,以平衡各种生理过程的能量可用性和消耗。人类先天缺乏瘦素或其受体易受感染。此外,低血清瘦素水平与败血症的不良预后相关。瘦素激活促阿片黑素皮质素神经元,产生黑素皮质素,这是一个具有多种作用的肽激素家族。黑素皮质素在许多器官系统中都有作用,它们的功能包括抑制炎症和上调交感神经张力。在这里,我们根据临床前研究和人体研究的证据,讨论了瘦素和黑素皮质素信号在感染反应中的已知情况。最后,我们提供了对这些途径的研究如何转化为传染病的治疗方法以及探索的新途径的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Nature Reviews Endocrinology 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
42.00
自引率
0.70%
发文量
158
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Endocrinology aspires to be the foremost platform for reviews and commentaries catering to the scientific communities it serves. The journal aims to publish articles characterized by authority, accessibility, and clarity, enhanced with easily understandable figures, tables, and other visual aids. The goal is to offer an unparalleled service to authors, referees, and readers, striving to maximize the usefulness and impact of each article. Nature Reviews Endocrinology publishes Research Highlights, Comments, News & Views, Reviews, Consensus Statements, and Perspectives relevant to researchers and clinicians in the fields of endocrinology and metabolism. Its broad scope ensures that the work it publishes reaches the widest possible audience.
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