Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID kinases' action on auxin transport-mediated root gravitropism.

IF 9.1 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.1073/pnas.2512274122

Fang Sheng,Yu Gao,Yaping Wang,Yang Li,Ji-Ao Zhang,Zhaoheng Zhang,Xinyan Qin,Shujuan Zhang,Wen Song,Jigang Li,Yan Guo,Jiří Friml,Zhizhong Gong,Qun Zhang,Jing Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes, with root gravitropism playing a pivotal role in nutrient and water acquisition. Our study reveals that SnRK2 kinases (SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3) are critical regulators of root gravitropism through their direct phosphorylation of the auxin transporter PIN2 at S259. We demonstrate that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation modulates both the polar localization and transport activity of PIN2. Importantly, SnRK2s function antagonistically to the AGCVIII kinase PID, which phosphorylates PIN2 at a distinct site (S258), establishing a regulatory balance essential for adaptive root growth. Structural modeling and phosphorylation assays further suggest that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation at S259 sterically hinders access of PID to S258, providing a mechanistic basis for their antagonistic relationship. These findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism, by which plants fine-tune root developmental programs to adapt to environmental stimuli, highlighting the evolutionary significance of multilayered kinase-mediated regulation in plant adaptation.

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拮抗SnRK2和PID激酶对生长素转运介导的根向倾斜的作用。

植物进化出了复杂的适应环境变化的机制，根系向地性在养分和水分获取中起着关键作用。我们的研究表明，SnRK2激酶（SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3）通过直接磷酸化生长素转运体PIN2的S259位点，是根向地性的关键调节因子。我们证明snrk2s介导的磷酸化调节了PIN2的极性定位和转运活性。重要的是，SnRK2s对AGCVIII激酶PID具有拮抗作用，后者在不同位点磷酸化PIN2 (S258)，建立适应性根生长所必需的调节平衡。结构建模和磷酸化分析进一步表明，snrk2s介导的S259的磷酸化在空间上阻碍了PID对S258的通路，为它们的拮抗关系提供了机制基础。这些发现揭示了植物通过调控根系发育程序来适应环境刺激的一种新的调控机制，突出了多层激酶介导的调控在植物适应中的进化意义。

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来源期刊

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 综合性期刊-综合性期刊

CiteScore

19.00

自引率

0.90%

发文量

3575

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer-reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), serves as an authoritative source for high-impact, original research across the biological, physical, and social sciences. With a global scope, the journal welcomes submissions from researchers worldwide, making it an inclusive platform for advancing scientific knowledge.