Combined Effects of Irradiation and Environmental Stressors on Elemental Migration and Device Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI:10.1021/acsami.5c10758

Mritunjaya Parashar*, , , Mohin Sharma, , , Saivineeth Penukula, , , Darshpreet Kaur Saini, , , Todd A. Byers, , , Nicholas Rolston, , and , Bibhudutta Rout*,

{"title":"Combined Effects of Irradiation and Environmental Stressors on Elemental Migration and Device Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Mritunjaya Parashar*, , , Mohin Sharma, , , Saivineeth Penukula, , , Darshpreet Kaur Saini, , , Todd A. Byers, , , Nicholas Rolston, , and , Bibhudutta Rout*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c10758","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The deployment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in outer space missions requires an understanding of how they respond to multiple stressors, such as environmental aging during ground testing, degradation from storage or transport between device fabrication and irradiation facilities, the isolated impact of ion irradiation, and the combined impact of all these stressors simultaneously. In this work, we utilized Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) to study and quantify the elemental migration in operational PSCs (glass/ITO/NiOx/MeO-2PACz/Cs0.2FA0.8PbI3/C60/BCP/Ag) exposed to He+ irradiation, environmental aging, and their combination. The nondestructive nature of RBS ensured that the devices remained functional, making it possible to correlate their performance characteristics before and after the irradiation. Migration of Ag, Pb, I, and In was observed even in pristine devices, with significantly increased migration following irradiation and further enhancement under ambient environment. Devices stored in a glovebox/drybox postirradiation also exhibited similar trends. Postirradiation microscope images showed electrode swelling of varying severity, indicating possible trapped He blister formation in the surface regions. This study further investigates the damaging effects of nuclear energy loss (Sn) and healing effects of electronic energy loss (Se) from the probing 2 MeV He+ beam used during RBS. It also examines the influence of irradiation timing and staging on the performance of devices previously degraded in both ambient and controlled storage conditions.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"17 39","pages":"54721–54734"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.5c10758","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The deployment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in outer space missions requires an understanding of how they respond to multiple stressors, such as environmental aging during ground testing, degradation from storage or transport between device fabrication and irradiation facilities, the isolated impact of ion irradiation, and the combined impact of all these stressors simultaneously. In this work, we utilized Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) to study and quantify the elemental migration in operational PSCs (glass/ITO/NiO_x/MeO-2PACz/Cs_0.2FA_0.8PbI₃/C₆₀/BCP/Ag) exposed to He⁺ irradiation, environmental aging, and their combination. The nondestructive nature of RBS ensured that the devices remained functional, making it possible to correlate their performance characteristics before and after the irradiation. Migration of Ag, Pb, I, and In was observed even in pristine devices, with significantly increased migration following irradiation and further enhancement under ambient environment. Devices stored in a glovebox/drybox postirradiation also exhibited similar trends. Postirradiation microscope images showed electrode swelling of varying severity, indicating possible trapped He blister formation in the surface regions. This study further investigates the damaging effects of nuclear energy loss (S_n) and healing effects of electronic energy loss (S_e) from the probing 2 MeV He⁺ beam used during RBS. It also examines the influence of irradiation timing and staging on the performance of devices previously degraded in both ambient and controlled storage conditions.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

辐照和环境胁迫对钙钛矿太阳能电池元素迁移和器件稳定性的联合影响

在外太空任务中部署钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）需要了解它们如何应对多种压力源，例如地面测试期间的环境老化，设备制造和辐照设施之间的存储或运输中的降解，离子辐照的孤立影响以及所有这些压力源同时产生的综合影响。本研究利用卢瑟福后向散射光谱法（RBS）研究了He+辐照、环境老化及其联合作用下可运行的PSCs（玻璃/ITO/NiOx/MeO-2PACz/Cs0.2FA0.8PbI3/C60/BCP/Ag）的元素迁移。RBS的非破坏性确保了设备保持功能，使其在辐照前后的性能特征相关联成为可能。Ag、Pb、I和In在原始装置中也有迁移，辐照后迁移量显著增加，环境下迁移量进一步增强。辐射后储存在手套箱/干燥箱中的设备也表现出类似的趋势。放射后的显微镜图像显示电极肿胀程度不同，表明可能在表面区域形成捕获He水疱。本研究进一步探讨了核能量损失（Sn）的破坏效应和电子能量损失（Se）的愈合效应，这些效应来自于探测过程中使用的2 MeV He+束。它还研究了辐照时间和分期对以前在环境和受控存储条件下退化的设备性能的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.30%

发文量

4978

审稿时长

1.8 months

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is a leading interdisciplinary journal that brings together chemists, engineers, physicists, and biologists to explore the development and utilization of newly-discovered materials and interfacial processes for specific applications. Our journal has experienced remarkable growth since its establishment in 2009, both in terms of the number of articles published and the impact of the research showcased. We are proud to foster a truly global community, with the majority of published articles originating from outside the United States, reflecting the rapid growth of applied research worldwide.