Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia with a GATA2 Mutation and Monosomy 7: A Case Report and Clinical Management Challenges.

Abstract

Background and Clinical Significance: Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy. The presence of genetic abnormalities often increases the complexity of AMKL. Among these, patients with monosomy 7 constitute a high-risk group associated with a poorer prognosis and greater chemoresistance. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy who had AMKL along with monosomy 7 and familial GATA2 deficiency. The case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced, as well as the critical importance of early genetic screening and timely hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Case Presentation: A 10-year-old boy presented with easy bruising and pancytopenia. AMKL was diagnosed with the help of a bone marrow biopsy and immunophenotyping. Genetic testing showed a GATA2 mutation and monosomy 7. Two induction cycles with daunorubicin and cytarabine were administered but failed to eliminate residual disease. The patient also developed pneumonia of a fungal origin. HSCT was delayed due to liver toxicity and elevated minimal residual disease (MRD). Azacitidine and venetoclax stabilized the disease, thereby allowing for successful haploidentical HSCT. The patient achieved complete remission with full donor chimerism. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the importance of early molecular diagnostics in pediatric AMKL. Identifying GATA2 mutations and monosomy 7 early can help guide risk stratification and the timing of HSCT. Multimodal therapy, which includes the use of infection control and targeted agents, is important for improving the outcomes in high-risk patients.